Effects of Different Urban-Vegetation Morphology on the Canopy-level Thermal Comfort and the Cooling Benefits of Shade Trees: Case-study in Philadelphia

Sabrin, Samain; Karimi, Maryam; Nazari, Rouzbeh; Pratt, J. Mark; Bryk, Joshua

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102684

Cited by 49 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Analysing the results, it is possible to observe that, in line with the scientific literature, due to their shading effect, energy balance and transpiration cooling, vegetation results to be the most effective strategy to mitigate daytime urban human heat stress and so it is an important climate change mitigation strategy [37][38][39][40][41]. Specifically, here, the presence of Pinus pinea L. has a positive effect on the mitigation of air temperature and the improvement of thermal comfort along Corso Trieste.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

The Challenge in the Management of Historic Trees in Urban Environments during Climate Change: The Case of Corso Trieste (Rome, Italy)

Gatto

Buccolieri

Perronace³

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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This study carries out a quantitative analysis of the impact on microclimate (air temperature and thermal comfort) of a row of 165 historical Pinus pinea L. located in a central neighbourhood of Rome (Italy). The analysis starts from a qualitative general analysis on the stressful conditions leading to tree decline in the urban environment especially during extreme climate change phenomena. Subsequently, the effects of planting new types of trees are assessed using ENVI-met, a 3D prognostic non-hydrostatic model for the simulation of surface-plant-air interactions. Results, obtained by simulating three different scenarios in which the trees are first removed and then modified, show that a gradual renewal of the existing trees, based on priority criteria of maturity or senescence, vegetative and phytosanitary conditions, efficiency of ecosystem services and safety for citizens, has positive effects on thermal comfort. By integrating current results and scientific literature, the final aim of this work is to provide stakeholders with a strategic and systemic planning methodology, which, based on the innovative integrated use of tree management and modelling tools, may (i) enhance the benefits of greening in a scenario of climate change and (ii) lead to intervention strategies based on complementarity between conservation of existing trees and tree renewal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

The Challenge in the Management of Historic Trees in Urban Environments during Climate Change: The Case of Corso Trieste (Rome, Italy)

Gatto

Buccolieri

Perronace³

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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“…Globally, extreme heat events have been increasing in frequency and severity, resulting in negative impacts on human health [1][2][3]. At the regional scale, the "Urban Heat Islands" (UHIs) effect results in urban areas being hotter than nearby rural areas due to impervious surface cover, decreased cooling due to deforestation, anthropogenic heat release, and high concentrations of air pollutants, which can greatly impair air quality [4,5]. With the recent acceleration of urbanization, impervious surfaces, such as buildings, roads, and pavements, have come to completely dominate the urban space, causing an increase in surface temperature compared to that in surrounding rural areas due to their capacity to absorb and retain heat [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Index to Detect Vegetation in Urban Areas Using UAV-Based Multispectral Images

Lee¹,

Hwang

Cho

2021

Applied Sciences

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with high-resolution multispectral cameras have increasingly been used in urban planning, landscape management, and environmental monitoring as an important complement to traditional satellite remote sensing systems. Interest in urban regeneration projects is on the rise in Korea, and the results of UAV-based urban vegetation analysis are in the spotlight as important data to effectively promote urban regeneration projects. Vegetation indices have been used to obtain vegetation information in a wide area using the multispectral bands of satellites. UAV images have recently been used to obtain vegetation information in a more rapid and precise manner. In this study, multispectral images were acquired using a UAV equipped with a Micasense RedEde MX camera to analyze vegetation indices, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), Blue Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (BNDVI), Red Green Blue Vegetation Index (RGBVI), Green Red Vegetation Index (GRVI), and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). However, in the process of analyzing urban vegetation using the existing vegetation indices, it became clear that the vegetation index values of long-run steel roofing, waterproof coated roofs, and urethane-coated areas are often similar to, or slightly higher than, those of grass. In order to improve the problem of misclassification of vegetation, various equations were tested by combining multispectral bands. Kappa coefficient analysis showed that the squared Red-Blue NDVI index produced the best results when analyzing vegetation reflecting urban land cover. The novel vegetation index developed in this study will be very useful for effective analysis of vegetation in urban areas with various types of land cover, such as long-run steel roofing, waterproof coated roofs, and urethane-coated areas.

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“…Recent literature shows that the users' 'thermal perceptions' in the various open spaces are affected by different factors, including the time of the year [56,57], shading elements [27,28], vegetation placement [58,59], and building-facade materials [29,60]. In open space 1, the lack of shading elements and high levels of solar radiation-both directed by and reflected off the buildings-raised the PET values, whilst autumn saw favourable thermal conditions during usage hours.…”

Section: Overall Findings: Most Comfortable and Favourable Conditions Of Outdoor Open Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Meaningful University Space: Perceptions of the Quality of Open Spaces for Students

2021

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This study investigated students’ attitudes towards the use of outdoor open space in universities, identifying the most comfortable conditions and favourable factors, including urban layout, physical features, and outdoor thermal conditions, as well as the students’ needs and behaviour. A quasi-experiment was used to assess the quality of the outdoor spaces. Three outdoor open spaces on the university’s campus were used for the case study. A spatial analysis employing space syntax was used to determine the integration, agent, and connection factors. For the microclimate conditions, simulations were conducted. The students’ actions were recorded, and a questionnaire concerning their preferences was disseminated. According to the respondents, the key advantages of campus open spaces are that they provide places in which to socialise and rest and to pass by. The data revealed a correlation between microclimate conditions and the use of outdoor spaces. However, the students use outdoor venues even in unfavourable microclimates. The visual factor and spatial configuration of the site have a significant impact on the use of open spaces; hence, visibility is an important feature in campus layouts. This study established a baseline of data to integrate social and contextual factors for the creation of meaningful spaces in universities.

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Effects of Different Urban-Vegetation Morphology on the Canopy-level Thermal Comfort and the Cooling Benefits of Shade Trees: Case-study in Philadelphia

Cited by 49 publications

References 45 publications

The Challenge in the Management of Historic Trees in Urban Environments during Climate Change: The Case of Corso Trieste (Rome, Italy)

The Challenge in the Management of Historic Trees in Urban Environments during Climate Change: The Case of Corso Trieste (Rome, Italy)

A Novel Index to Detect Vegetation in Urban Areas Using UAV-Based Multispectral Images

Towards Meaningful University Space: Perceptions of the Quality of Open Spaces for Students

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