Effects of different water percentages in non-surfactant emulsion fuel on performance and exhaust emissions of a light-duty truck

Mazlan, Nurul Musfirah; Yahya, Wira Jazair; Ithnin, Ahmad Muhsin; Hasannuddin, A.K.; Ramlan, Nur Atiqah; Sugeng, Dhani Avianto; Adib, A.R. Muhammad; Koga, Tomohiro; Mamat, Rizalman; Sidik, Nor Azwadi Che

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.143

Cited by 47 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The emulsion without surfactant has to be used just after its production and it was found that the emulsion without surfactant is more effective since the surfactant makes it more expensive than pure diesel fuel [2]. They analyzed the stability of water Diesel emulsion and found that span 80 and tween 80 give the DOI: 10.4236/epe.2019.119021 334 Energy and Power Engineering most stable emulsion and the percentage varies from 0% to 10%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The researchers found that after using emulsified diesel fuel the excess oxygen react with OH ion from water instead of reacting with nitrogen ion. Monoatomic nitrogen atom has high ionization level which makes it to produce different nitrogen oxides like NO, NO 2 [2]. And also, water in Fuel absorbs the latent heat of vaporization which results in the reduction of peak temperature in the combustion chamber and results in the reduction of NO x [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monoatomic nitrogen atom has high ionization level which makes it to produce different nitrogen oxides like NO, NO 2 [2]. And also, water in Fuel absorbs the latent heat of vaporization which results in the reduction of peak temperature in the combustion chamber and results in the reduction of NO x [2]. It has been shown that Soot and NO x are dependent on temperature, the soot increases as the temperature is reducing but NO x reduces as temperature is reducing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kumar2015 et al said that NO x is produced at high temperature and emulsified diesel fuel produce lower heat release compare to neat diesel, so the peak temperature is lower which reduces the quantity of NO x [7] [4]. Emulsion fuel has long ignition delay (water has to evaporate before ignition) this reduces the cylinder pressure and restricts the NO x formation [2]. When ignition temperature is less than 1400 K, there is no oxidation of CO. For emulsified diesel fuel, there is increase in CO which is produced from the OH from water which contributes in oxidation of C to CO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When ignition temperature is less than 1400 K, there is no oxidation of CO. For emulsified diesel fuel, there is increase in CO which is produced from the OH from water which contributes in oxidation of C to CO. It has been shown that there is no significant change comparing pure fuel and emulsified diesel [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Emulsified Diesel Fuel on Performance and Emissions Characteristics

Confidence¹,

Ndiritu²,

Gathitu³

2019

EPE

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Diesel fuel has been known as the most effective fuel but it is known as a fuel which produces harmful emissions. Later, emulsified diesel fuel was introduced as a better solution but there is no sufficient research data concerning combustion of emulsified fuel. The present work carried out a simulation of non-surfactant emulsified diesel fuel where composition of water in emulsion varied from 0% to 20% to determine the ratio of water to diesel which is more effective in reducing the exhaust emissions especially NO x. For this simulation, 5% of water in diesel without surfactant was able to reduce NO x up to 35%. It was shown that as the percentage of water increases, the power from that fuel combustion reduces.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Emulsified Diesel Fuel on Performance and Emissions Characteristics

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Ndiritu²,

Gathitu³

2019

EPE

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Performance and emissions of neat crude palm oil and its emulsions as diesel engine fuel

Chan

Yahya

Kadir

et al. 2021

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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The depletion of petroleum diesel has prompted the use of biofuels and other alternative sources of energy. The direct use of neat crude palm oil (CPO) has mostly resulted in the increase of oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Emulsification has demonstrated the capability of reducing NOx emissions. An experiment is conducted to investigate the effect of increasing water content in CPO. Water-in-CPO emulsions with varying water contents by volume (5%, 10%, and 15%) with 1% SPAN 80 surfactant are labeled as W5CPO, W10CPO, and W15CPO. The fuels were tested on a singlecylinder diesel generator at 2900 and 3200 rpm with varying electrical load. For all load conditions at 3200 rpm, the smoke opacimeter reading is highest at 35% with W15CPO and the lowest smoke reading is 15% with W5CPO as fuel. The NOx of CPO was higher than ordinary diesel up to 29% at lower load. The NOx emissions of

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