Effects of difructose anhydride III (DFA III) administration on bile acids and growth of DFA III-assimilating bacterium Ruminococcus productus on rat intestine

Abstract

The growth of DFA III-assimilating bacteria in the intestines of rats fed 3% DFA III for 2 weeks was examined. Sixty-four percent of the DFA III intake had been assimilated on day 3 of ingestion, and almost all of the DFA III was assimilated at the end of the experiment. The DFA III-assimilating bacterium, Ruminococcus productus, in DFA III-fed rats was in the stationary state of 10(8)-10(9) cells/g dry feces within a week from 10(6) cells/g dry feces on day 1 of DFA III ingestion. The number of R. productus cells was associated with the amount of DFA III excreted in the feces. The acetic acid produced from DFA III by R. productus lowered the cecal pH to 5.8. In control-fed rats and DFA III-fed rats, 94% of secondary bile acids and 94% of primary bile acids, respectively, were accounted for in the total bile acids analyzed. DFA III ingestion increased the ratio of primary bile acids and changed the composition of fecal bile acids. In conclusion, R. productus assimilated DFA III, produced short chain fatty acids, and the cecal pH was lowered. The acidification of rat intestine perhaps inhibited secondary bile acid formation and decreased the ratio of secondary bile acids. Therefore, it is expected that DFA III may prevent colorectal cancer and be a new prebiotic candidate.

From fructans to difructose dianhydrides

“…DFA III is an ideal sucrose substitute, which has 52 % relative sweetness but only 1/15 energy of sucrose (Kikuchi et al 2004). It has low cariogenicity property and prebiotic effect (Minamida et al 2004(Minamida et al , 2005a(Minamida et al , b, and 2006Mitamura and Hara 2005;Yoshimoto et al 2013), and may increase the absorption of essential minerals (Hara et al 2010;Nakamori et al 2010), flavonoids (Matsumoto et al 2007), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) (Sato et al 2012). The large-scale bioproduction of DFA III has been widely studied (Hang et al 2012a(Hang et al , b, 2013a, and the DFA III has been industrialized and put into the market in Japan (Hang et al 2011;Kikuchi et al 2009).…”

Effects of Ingestion of Difructose Anhydride III (DFA III) and the DFA III-Assimilating BacteriumRuminococcus productuson Rat Intestine

“…However, the fact that the almost half of the total bile acids consisted of primary bile acids was different from the previous study, wherein they accounted for the majority of the total bile acids (94%) in the DFA III-fed rats. 26) This was perhaps due to the fact that the pH of cecal contents were higher than pH 6.5 which inhibited the activity of 7-dehydroxylation in the present study. The cecal contents in the previous study were at pH 5.8, while those of present study were at pH 6.9.…”

“…Determination of the composition of bile acids in feces was performed as described in the previous paper 26) with some modifications. The selected ions for different bile acids were: cholic acid, m=z 253, 368; deoxycholic acid, m=z 255, 370; chenodeoxycholic acid, m=z 355, 370; lithocholic acid, m=z 215, 372; hyodeoxycholic acid, m=z 255, 370; -muricholic acid, m=z 443, 458; -muricholic acid, m=z 195, 285; and 23-Nordeoxycholic acid, m=z 255, 356.…”

“…Secondary bile acids accounted for most of the total bile acids in the feces of control-fed rats, while primary bile acids mostly accounted in the total bile acids in the feces of DFA IIII-fed rats. 26) Therefore, we thought that the intestinal acidification due to DFA III ingestion had a possibility of decreasing 7-dehydroxylation activity and the amount of secondary bile acids in feces.…”

Difructose Anhydride III Does Not Contribute to Body Energy Accumulation in Rats

“…Fecal DFAIII was measured by the HPLC method, as described previously. 23) Briefly, 0.3 g of freeze-dried feces were extracted with deionized water by sonication for 15 min. The samples were then centrifuged and the supernatants were defatted with chloroform.…”