Effects of divided attention and word concreteness on correct recall and false memory reports

Pérez-Mata, M Nieves; Read, John; Diges, Margarita

doi:10.1080/09658210143000308

Cited by 76 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Thus, for the present study, values for familiarity and meaningfulness of the 12 critical items were obtained, since they were the two dimensions that contributed most to false recall and recognition in Brainerd et al (2008); additionally, their concreteness and imagery values were obtained, because they have been shown to be related to variability in true recall (which could indirectly affect false memories) by Brainerd et al (2008) and to variability in false memories by Pérez-Mata, Read, and Diges (2002). The analyses showed that the critical words on the highand low-identifialbility lists did not significantly differ in any of these variables (only in the case of concreteness did the difference approach statistical significance).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“Identify-to-reject”: A specific strategy to avoid false memories in the DRM paradigm

Carneiro

Fernández²,

Villoria³

et al. 2011

Mem Cogn

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Previous research using the Deese-RoedigerMcDermott (DRM) paradigm has shown that lists of associates in which the critical words were easily identified as the themes of the lists produce lower levels of false memories in adults. In an attempt to analyze whether this effect is due to the application of a specific memory-editing process (the identify-to-reject strategy), two experiments manipulated variables that are likely to disrupt this strategy either at encoding or at retrieval. In Experiment 1, lists were presented at a very fast presentation rate to reduce the possibility of identifying the missing critical word as the theme of the list, and in Experiment 2, participants were pressed to give yes/no recognition answers within a very short time. The results showed that both of these manipulations disrupted the identifiability effect, indicating that the identifyto-reject strategy and theme identifiability play a major role in the rejection of false memories in the DRM paradigm.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“Identify-to-reject”: A specific strategy to avoid false memories in the DRM paradigm

Carneiro

Fernández²,

Villoria³

et al. 2011

Mem Cogn

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“…The idea that divided attention at encoding leads to impaired true memory has been well documented (e.g., Baddeley, Lewis, Eldridge, & Thomson, 1984;Craik, Govoni, Naveh-Benjamin, & Anderson, 1996), although the effects of divided attention on false memories has been much less consistent (cf. Dodd & MacLeod, 2004;Perez-Mata, Read, & Diges, 2002). In Experiment 2, we explored how different types of encoding operations influence the value-based false memory effects.…”

Section: Value Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

False memory and importance: Can we prioritize encoding without consequence?

Bui

Friedman

McDonough³

et al. 2013

Mem Cogn

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Given the large amount of information that we encounter, we often must prioritize what information we attempt to remember. Although critical for everyday functioning, relatively little research has focused on how people prioritize the encoding of information. Recent research has shown that people can and do selectively remember information assigned with higher, relative to lower, importance. However, the mechanisms underlying this prioritization process and the consequences of these processes are still not well understood. In the present study, we sought to better understand these prioritization processes and whether implementing these processes comes at the cost of memory accuracy, by increasing false memories. We used a modified form of the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, in which participants studied DRM lists, with each list paired with low, medium, or high point values. In Experiment 1, encoding higher values led to more false memories than did encoding lower values, possibly because prioritizing information enhanced relational processing among high-value words. In Experiment 2, disrupting relational processing selectively reduced false memories for high-value words. Finally, in Experiment 3, facilitating relational processing selectively increased false memories for low-value words. These findings suggest that while prioritizing information can enhance true memory, this process concomitantly increases false memories. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying these prioritization processes depends on the ability to successfully engage in relational processing. Thus, how we prioritize the encoding of incoming information can come at a cost in terms of accurate memory.

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“…For false memories, dividing attention has different effects on false recall than on false recognition. In particular, it has been shown that the introduction of a secondary task at encoding increases false recall (Dewhurst, Barry, & Holmes, 2005;Pérez-Mata, Read, & Diges, 2002;Peters, Jelicic, Gorski, Sijstermans, Giesbrecht, Merckelbach, 2008) but decreases false recognition (Dewhurst, et al, 2005;Dewhurst, Barry, Swannell, Holmes, & Bathurst, 2007). Similarly, when introducing an additional memory load at encoding rather than using a divided attention paradigm, false recognition is reduced (but only in a between-participants condition not in a within-participant design) (Seamon, et al, 1998).…”

Section: Divided Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are children’s memory illusions created differently from those of adults? Evidence from levels-of-processing and divided attention paradigms

Wimmer

Howe

2010

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link IN PRESS Journal of Experimental Child Psychology AbstractIn two experiments we investigated the robustness and automaticity of adults' and children's generation of false memories by using a levels-of-processing paradigm (Experiment 1) and a divided-attention paradigm (Experiment 2). The first experiment revealed that when information was encoded at a shallow level, true recognition rates decreased for all ages. For false recognition, when information was encoded on a shallow level we found a different pattern for young children compared to older children and adults. Seven-year-olds' false recognition rates were related to the overall amount correctly remembered information whereas no such association was found for the other age groups. In the second experiment divided attention decreased true recognition for all ages. In contrast, children's (7-and 11-year-olds) false recognition rates were again dependent on the overall amount correctly remembered whereas adults' false recognition was left unaffected. Overall, children's false recognition rates changed when levels-ofprocessing or divided-attention was manipulated in comparison to adults. Together these results suggest that there may be both quantitative and qualitative changes in false memory rates with age.

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Effects of divided attention and word concreteness on correct recall and false memory reports

Cited by 76 publications

References 49 publications

“Identify-to-reject”: A specific strategy to avoid false memories in the DRM paradigm

“Identify-to-reject”: A specific strategy to avoid false memories in the DRM paradigm

False memory and importance: Can we prioritize encoding without consequence?

Are children’s memory illusions created differently from those of adults? Evidence from levels-of-processing and divided attention paradigms

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