Effects of Dynamic Surface Tension on Droplet Formation of Surfactant Solution Injected from a Capillary Tube

Abstract

Effects of dynamic surface tension on the droplet formation of surfactant solutions were studied. Test fluids used were aqueous solutions of CTAB at several surfactant mol concentrations (C D) and CTAB/NaSal aqueous solutions at C D =1.0 mM and at three mol concentrations of NaSal. A droplet formed when a surfactant solution was injected into air from a capillary tube was investigated and the relation between the droplet diameter and the injection velocity V was measured. The size of droplet was evaluated by an equivalent droplet diameter D exp , which is the diameter of sphere whose volume is the same as that of a droplet injected. For the CTAB systems, D exp increased with increasing V at relatively low velocities because the dynamic surface tension also increased. However, the diameter decreased with increasing the velocity at relatively high velocities. This phenomenon can be qualitatively predicted from an equation of the force balance at a capillary exit when the effect of surface tension is evaluated using the dynamic surface tension. For the CTAB/NaSal systems, D exp increased with increasing V at relatively low velocities and reached a constant value. This phenomenon was also predicted qualitatively with the force balance equation.

Flow‐To‐Fracture Transition of Linear Maxwell‐Type Versus Yield Strength Fluids by Air Injection—Implications for Magma Fracturing

“…Using η e , Equation is rewritten as $$$P-{P}_{\mathit{hst}}=4{\eta }_{e}\frac{\dot{R}}{R}.$$$ Note that the surface tension force is neglected. The surface tension measured for worm‐like micellar fluids is Γ = 30–36 mN/m (Belmonte, 2000; Gladden & Belmonte, 2007; Yamamoto et al., 2010). Then, the Laplace force (2Γ/ R ) for a bubble with R > 2 mm is smaller than 30–36 Pa.…”