Effects of Early and Late Clamping of Umbilical Cord on Infantʼs Haemoglobin Level

Abstract

An experiment in helping mentally handicapped men, women, and young people to lead normal working lives is to begin shortly in Northern Ireland. Twelve women and girls, aged 18 and over, will be taken out of special institutions, jobs will be found for them, and they will live in the ordinary community surroundings in a small hostel. The hostel will be in charge of a warden, who will be available to discuss personal problems that arise. The women and girls going into the first hostel are being transferred from special-care centres, where they have received expert training, and they will go out to work each day in the normal way. Some of them will work in local hospitals in the kitchens and laundries, and others may be placed in jobs with outside firms. If this experiment succeeds there will later be separate hostels for men.

Umbilical cord milking in term infants delivered by cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial

“…20 In our study, there was no report of symptomatic polycythemia and no significant differences between the ICC and UCM groups in the incidence of clinical jaundice, peak TSB levels, hyperbilirubinemia requiring hospitalization or readmission for phototherapy. Although these findings are consistent with previously published controlled trials, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][21][22][23][24] not all infants in this study had a TSB evaluation during the hospital stay. We recommend that in future studies, all infants should be assessed in order to draw stronger conclusions about jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia.…”

“…Eight controlled trials and one randomized controlled trial published over the past 60 years have documented the safety and utility of UCM in term and preterm infants (n ¼ 827). [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Colozzi 9 reported that milking the cord five times, at the time of birth, was associated with higher blood volume, red cell volume and Hb and Hct levels without adverse effects when compared with infants exposed to ICC (n ¼ 100). He recommended that UCM should be considered for all infants born by cesarean section in order to maximize placental transfusion.…”

Umbilical Cord Milking Versus Delayed Cord Clamping in Preterm Infants

“…20 Although there are limited data on neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants, 21 UCM has been studied in 7 randomized controlled trials and 9 controlled trials over the past 60 years in term and preterm infants (n = 1904), documenting its safety and efficacy. 6,20,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] A recent metaanalysis evaluating the safety and efficacy of UCM at birth concluded that there was a lower risk for oxygen requirement at 36 weeks and IVH of all grades. 7 Therefore, UCM should no longer be considered experimental; rather, it is a proven intervention that ensures that premature newborns receive an adequate placental transfusion at birth.…”