Effects of El Ni�o events on natural kelp beds and artificial reefs in southern California

Grove, Robert S.; Zabloudil, Karel; Norall, T.; Deysher, Lawrence

doi:10.1006/jmsc.2002.1290

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Long-term data series have proven to be important to our understanding of changes in subtidal kelp-dominated ecosystems (e.g., for Macrocystis pyrifera [Tegner et al 1997, Dayton et al 1998]), where abiotic factors affect germination, growth, fecundity, and survivorship of adult plants. Particularly in East Pacific coastal zones, interannual oceanographic variability (El Nin˜o/La Nin˜a events, storms, nutrient depletion, hypoxia, see Grove et al [2002]) tend to be intermixed with anthropogenic perturbations (i.e., overexploitation, pollution). Dayton et al (1998) have argued that to differentiate between them ''benchmark criteria of normal'' are required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RECOVERY OFDURVILLAEA ANTARCTICA(DURVILLEALES) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE LAS CRUCES MARINE RESERVE, CHILE

Castilla

Campo

Bustamante

2007

Ecological Applications

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We present the results for over two decades of monitoring on intertidal food-gatherers and the population of the low rocky shore dweller kelp Durvillaea antarctica, a short-distance disperser, inside and outside the no-take marine reserve, Estacion Costera de Investigaciones Marinas (ECIM), at Las Cruces, central Chile. It was hypothesized that protection of an initially extremely depleted population would recover by recolonizing first the no-take area and then adjacent non-protected (exploited) areas. We found that recovery of D. antarctica occurred slowly inside ECIM, with increase in density and biomass, of up to three orders of magnitude as compared to an adjacent non-protected area, which showed approximately 2-yr delay. These results suggest that the kelp population inside ECIM was likely regulated via intraspecific competition, which did not occur outside. Results showed no evidence for juvenile vs. adult density dependence other than a weak relationship for the central area of ECIM. These findings also suggest that the population recovery and cross-boundary seeding subsides affected the population dynamics. Understanding these dynamics may enhance management and conservation policies. Our work highlights the critical value of baseline and long-term comparative studies in marine no-take protected and non-protected areas for understanding how population processes respond to human and conservation practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RECOVERY OFDURVILLAEA ANTARCTICA(DURVILLEALES) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE LAS CRUCES MARINE RESERVE, CHILE

Castilla

Campo

Bustamante

2007

Ecological Applications

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“…It may retard the growth of some fucoids due to an increase of epiphyte growth (Pedersen and Borum, ). While there is generally little knowledge about the impacts of extreme precipitation events on kelp species, increased precipitation and increased temperature have been associated with a reduction of kelp cover in natural and artificial habitats of southern California (Grove et al ., ).…”

Section: Macroalgaementioning

confidence: 97%

Review of climate change impacts on marine aquaculture in the UK and Ireland

Callaway

Shinn

Grenfell

et al. 2012

Aquatic Conservation

150

155

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1. Marine aquaculture relies on coastal habitats that will be affected by climate change. This review assesses current knowledge of the threats and opportunities of climate change for aquaculture in the UK and Ireland, focusing on the most commonly farmed species, blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). 2. There is sparse evidence to indicate that climate change is affecting aquaculture in the UK and Ireland. Impacts to date have been difficult to discern from natural environmental variability, and the pace of technological development in aquaculture overshadows effects of climatic change. However, this review of broader aquaculture literature and the likely effects of climate change suggests that over the next century, climate change has the potential to directly impact the industry. 3. Impacts are related to the industry's dependence on the marine environment for suitable biophysical conditions. For instance, changes in the frequency and strength of storms pose a risk to infrastructure, such as salmon cages. Sea-level rise will shift shoreline morphology, reducing the areal extent of some habitats that are suitable for the industry. Changes in rainfall patterns will increase the turbidity and nutrient loading of rivers, potentially triggering harmful algal blooms and negatively affecting bivalve farming. In addition, ocean acidification may disrupt the early developmental stages of shellfish. 4. Some of the most damaging but least predictable effects of climate change relate to the emergence, translocation and virulence of diseases, parasites and pathogens, although parasites and diseases in finfish aquaculture may be controlled through intervention. The spread of nuisance and non-native species is also potentially damaging. 5. Rising temperatures may create the opportunity to rear warmer water species in theUKand Ireland. Market forces, rather than technical feasibility, are likely to determine whether existing farmed species are displaced by new ones

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“…To date, acoustic methods are only used to delineate the boundaries of kelp forests in horizontal and vertical space. [9][10][11][12][13] Although these methods provide a useful assessment of boundary changes in forests through time, 10 scientists still lack the capability to reliably assess total biomass, density, or the physiological condition of kelp fronds using existing acoustic methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although an increasing number of studies are effectively relating observed acoustic signatures to visual observations obtained from diver surveys and underwater video systems, no study has yet attempted to develop a mechanistic understanding of the interaction between sound energy and kelp morphology. [9][10][11][12][13] Furthermore, current acoustic surveys of kelp forests provide information on horizontal and vertical forest boundaries, but are presently unable to assess kelp biomass or physiological condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the low frequency acoustic characteristics of Macrocystis pyrifera, Egregia menziessi, and Laminaria solidungula

Wilson

Dunton

2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The acoustic properties of kelp forests are not well known, but are of interest for the development of environmental remote sensing applications. This study examined the low-frequency (0.2-4.5 kHz) acoustic properties of three species of kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera, Egregia menziessi, and Laminaria solidungula) using a one-dimensional acoustic resonator. Acoustic observations and measurements of kelp morphology were then used to test the validity of Wood's multi-phase medium model in describing the acoustic behavior of the kelp. For Macrocystis and Egregia, the two species of kelp possessing pneumatocysts, the change in sound speed was highly dependent on the volume of free air contained in the kelp. The volume of air alone, however, was unable to predict the effective sound speed of the multi-phase medium using a simple two-phase (air + water) form of Wood's model. A separate implementation of this model (frond + water) successfully yielded the acoustic compressibility of the frond structure for each species (Macrocystis = 1.39 ± 0.82 × 10(-8) Pa(-1); Egregia = 2.59 ± 5.75 × 10(-9) Pa(-1); Laminaria = 8.65 ± 8.22 × 10(-9) Pa(-1)). This investigation demonstrates that the acoustic characteristics of kelp are species-specific, biomass-dependent, and differ between species with and without pneumatocyst structures.

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Effects of El Ni�o events on natural kelp beds and artificial reefs in southern California

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

RECOVERY OFDURVILLAEA ANTARCTICA(DURVILLEALES) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE LAS CRUCES MARINE RESERVE, CHILE

RECOVERY OFDURVILLAEA ANTARCTICA(DURVILLEALES) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE LAS CRUCES MARINE RESERVE, CHILE

Review of climate change impacts on marine aquaculture in the UK and Ireland

Assessing the low frequency acoustic characteristics of Macrocystis pyrifera, Egregia menziessi, and Laminaria solidungula

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