Effects of electroconvulsive shock and prior stress on brain amine levels

Isolation, Reactivity and Aggression: Evidence for an Involvement of Brain Catecholamines and Serotonin

“…Kety et ale (1967) have shown this effect when rats were administered electroconvulsive shock (ECS) twice a day for 7 days, and Nielson and Fleming have found both NE and DA elevated after daily ECS or cold stress Nielson & Fleming, 1968). Since the acute effect of intense fighting may be to lower NE and DA, at least in the brainstem, it is apparent that adaptive compensations of some kind occurred.…”

Proactive changes in level of activity as a function of footshock and electroconvulsive shock treatments

“…Thus, the possibility exists that the recovery from amnesia parallels the recovery from prolonged proactive changes that may result from the interactive effects of FS and ECS. A nu mb er of investigators have shown that FS treatments interact with ECS either by potentiating the proactive effects of ECS as indicated by enhanced catecholamine levels of the brain (Nielson & Fleming, 1968) and facilitation of step-down latencies (Schneider, Malter, & Advokat, 1969) or hy interfering with proactive effects of ECS as indicated by a reduction in the incidence of electrical or behavioral seizure activity (Chorover & De Luca, 1969;Pinel, 1971). However, the recovery functions from these FS-ECS-induced proactive eh an ges have not been thoroughly investigated.…”

The Physiology of Aggression and Defeat

“…Kety et ale (1967) have shown this effect when rats were administered electroconvulsive shock (ECS) twice a day for 7 days, and Nielson and Fleming have found both NE and DA elevated after daily ECS or cold stress (Kety et al, 1967;Nielson & Fleming, 1968). Since the acute effect of intense fighting may be to lower NE and DA, at least in the brainstem, it is apparent that adaptive compensations of some kind occurred.…”