Effects of Electromyographic Feedback and Progressive Relaxation Training on Hypnotic Susceptibility: Disconfirming Results

Hl, Radtke; Np, Spanos; La, Armstrong; Dillman, N; Me, Boisvenue

doi:10.1080/00207148308406597

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We also replicated the finding that progressive relaxation training produces enhancements on indexes of relaxation, but fails to enhance hypnotizability [25,28] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…In the fourth phase of training subjects were asked to close their eyes and were administered 25 m of progressive relaxation instructions modified from Radtke [25] . In the fifth and final phase subjects were asked to remain relaxed and were administered 5 m of guided imagery designed to further enhance feelings of relaxation and security.…”

Section: Passively Oriented Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapport and Cognitive Skill Training in the Enhancement of Hypnotizability

Spaños

Flynn

Niles

1990

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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The role of interpersonal rapport in facilitating the enhancements in hypnotizability produced by cognitive skill training was examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1 low hypnotizable subjects either received skill training or passively oriented training that was designed to facilitate rapport with the trainer without teaching subjects how to generate the responses called for by test suggestions. Subjects in the two treatments reported equivalently high levels of rapport with their trainer, but only those given skill training attained large gains on two hypnotizability posttests. Subjects given passive training did not differ from untreated controls at posttesting. In Experiment 2 subjects received skill training under conditions designed to either heighten or minimize rapport with the trainer. Those in the high rapport condition showed large hypnotizability gains on both posttests, whereas those in the low rapport condition failed to differ from no treatment controls in this regard. Our findings indicate that high rapport is not sufficient for producing training-induced enhancements in hypnotizability. However, the absence of such rapport may interfere with subjects' learning and applying skills that can enhance hypnotizability.Hypnotizability test scores usually remain relatively stable even after long retest intervals, when no systematic attempts have been made to alter subjects hypnotic responsiveness [1] . Relatedly, numerous studies which attempted to enhance hypnotizability by training subjects in relaxation, meditation, or other procedures designed to alter consciousness usually produced only small and often nonsignificant increments in hypnotizability [see 2 for a review] . Taken together, these fmdings have led some investigators to conceptualize *

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“…We also replicated the finding that progressive relaxation training produces enhancements on indexes of relaxation, but fails to enhance hypnotizability [25,28] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Passively Oriented Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapport and Cognitive Skill Training in the Enhancement of Hypnotizability

Spaños

Flynn

Niles

1990

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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“…1Several studies (Simon & Salzberg, 1981; Wickramasekaera, 1973) reported that electromyographic (EMG) feedback training for relaxation produced substantial increments in hypnotic susceptibility. Unfortunately, other studies (Radtke, Spanos, Armstrong, Dillman, & Boisvenue, 1983; Spanos & Bertrand, 1985) have been unable to replicate these findings. Studies that used progressive relaxation training procedures in place of EMG biofeedback have consistently failed to find large increments in susceptibility (Radtke et al, 1983; Simon & Salzberg, 1981; Springer, Sachs, & Morrow, 1977).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Several studies(Simon & Salzberg, 1981;Wickramasekaera, 1973) reported that electromyographic (EMG) feedback training for relaxation produced substantial incrementsin hypnotic susceptibility. Unfortunately, other studies(Radtke, Spanos, Armstrong, Dillman, & Boisvenue, 1983; …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the wording of many suggestions implies both (a) that the subject should do something to bring about the requisite Spanos & Bertrand, 1985) have been unable to replicate these findings. Studies that used progressive relaxation training procedures in place of EMG biofeedback have consistently failed to find large increments in susceptibility (Radtke et al, 1983;Simon & Salzberg, 1981;Springer, Sachs, & Morrow, 1977).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A social-cognitive skills approach to the successful modification of hypnotic susceptibility.

Gorassini¹,

Spaños²

1986

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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132

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Subjects low and medium in hypnotic susceptibility were administered cognitive strategy and instructional set information and also practiced responding to test suggestions in order to enhance susceptibility. Those in one modification treatment received this information both from the experimenter and by observing a videotaped female model who responded successfully to suggestions and reported on the cognitive strategies she used to do so. Those in a second modification treatment received the information and practice but were not exposed to the model. Low and medium susceptibles in a third condition (practice alone) received a hypnotic induction procedure and practice suggestions but neither modification information nor modeling. No-treatment controls performed a filler task. All subjects were posttested on two different susceptibility scales. Information plus modeling produced significantly greater increments on all objective and subjective indices of susceptibility on both posttests than did practice-alone or control treatments. Susceptibility increments in the information without model treatment always fell between those of the model and practice-alone treatments. In the modeling treatment, over half of the initial low susceptibles and over two thirds of the initial medium susceptibles scored as high susceptibles on both posttests. These findings provide strong support for a social-cognitive skill formulation of hypnotic susceptibility.

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Self-Hypnosis and the Common Components of Other Stress-Reduction Techniques

Wickramasekera

1988

Clinical Behavioral Medicine

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Effects of Electromyographic Feedback and Progressive Relaxation Training on Hypnotic Susceptibility: Disconfirming Results

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Rapport and Cognitive Skill Training in the Enhancement of Hypnotizability

Rapport and Cognitive Skill Training in the Enhancement of Hypnotizability

A social-cognitive skills approach to the successful modification of hypnotic susceptibility.

Self-Hypnosis and the Common Components of Other Stress-Reduction Techniques

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