Effects of environmental factors and endogenous signals on N uptake, N partitioning and taproot vegetative storage protein accumulation in Medicago sativa

Noquet, Carine; Avice, Jean‐Christophe; Ourry, Alain; Volenec, Jeffrey J.; Cunningham, Suzanne M.; Boucaud, J.

doi:10.1071/pp00122

Cited by 23 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Chitinases also possess antifreeze properties and could play a role in plant adaptation to cold (Yeh et al 2000). Combination of daylength reduction and lowering temperatures resulted in a preferential allocation of N to roots in alfalfa (Noquet et al 2001). However, the accumulation of a specific VSP of 32 kDa during the fall was found to be due mainly to the reduction of photoperiod, with cold temperatures having a negative impact on its deposition in storage organs (Avice et al 2003).…”

Section: Organic Reservesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction

Bélanger¹,

Castonguay²,

Bertrand³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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R. 2006. Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 33-47. Harsh winter climate results in frequent losses of stands and yield reduction in many forage-growing areas of Canada and other parts of the world. Climatic conditions and crop management both affect the winter survival of perennial forage crops. In this review, we present the main causes of winter damage in eastern Canada and we discuss crop management practices that help mitigate the risks of losses. Predictive tools available to assess the risks of winter damage both spatially and temporally are also presented. Our understanding of the causes of winter damage and of the plant adaptation mechanisms to winter stresses, particularly the role of N and C organic reserves, has improved. Forage species commonly grown in eastern Canada differ in their tolerance to subfreezing temperatures and to anoxia caused by the presence of ice on fields. Some improvement in winter hardiness of forage legume species has been achieved through breeding in eastern Canada but new technologies based on laboratory freezing tests and the identification of molecular markers may facilitate the future development of winter-hardy cultivars. Crop management practices required for good winter survival are now better defined, particularly those involving cutting management and the interval between harvests. Simulation models and climatic indices derived from our current knowledge of the causes of winter damage provide general indications on the risk of winter damage but their degree of precision and accuracy is still not satisfactory. Further improvements in winter survival require a more thorough understanding of the different causes of winter damage and, primarily, of their complex interactions with genetic, climatic, and management factors.

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Section: Organic Reservesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction

Bélanger¹,

Castonguay²,

Bertrand³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Both photoperiod (Pp) and temperature (T soil /T air ) were tested as predictors of p root, as these environmental factors are associated with nitrogen and carbon partitioning between shoots and roots of lucerne crops (Brown et al, 2006;Gosse et al, 1984;Hargreaves, 2003;Noquet et al, 2001). The strong linear increase (R 2 =0.97) and the range of response of p root to "increasing" photoperiod (IPp) in the LL treatment ( Figure 5 a) was consistent with the observations of Morot Gaudry et al (1987) in the temperate climate of France.…”

Section: Shoot Radiation Use Efficiency (Rue Shoot )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…photosynthesis or RUE) and (ii) DM partitioning between shoots and roots, in response to environmental factors (e.g. temperature, photoperiod), but the relationships are insufficiently quantified to be predictive (Brown et al, 2006;Collino et al, 2005;Noquet et al, 2001). Furthermore, any additional impact of defoliation frequency, which changes the demand for carbon and nitrogen in perennial organs (Richards, 1993), has not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defoliation frequency and season affected radiation use efficiency and dry matter partitioning to roots of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) crops

Teixeira

Moot

Brown

2008

European Journal of Agronomy

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ranged from 1.3 to 3.1 g DM/MJ PAR i in response to air temperature and defoliation treatment. The lowest RUE total in mid summer for the treatment defoliated every 28 days was related to a 20% decline in the leaf photosynthetic capacity measured at 1000 μmol photons/m 2 .s (Pn 1000 ) and at saturating light (P max ). In turn, the reduction in Pn 1000 was related to differences in specific leaf nitrogen (SLN), through changes in specific leaf weight (SLW) rather than the leaf N concentration of 4 to 6% DM. Agronomic treatments that result in sub optimal N reserves post grazing can be expected to produce conservative canopy characteristics but reduced photosynthetic capacity of the first 5 main stem leaves. Beyond this development stage, canopy expansion may be reduced with more conservative leaf N.

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“…Fractionation of N in the taproot was adapted from Barber et al (1996). Total soluble proteins and vegetative storage proteins (VSP) were determined according to Bradford (1976) and Noquet et al (2001) For personal use only.…”

Section: Initial N Reserve Status and Residual Leaf Area Determinatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of initial N reserve status and residual leaf area after cutting on leaf area and organ establishment during regrowth of alfalfa

Simon¹,

Decau²,

Avice³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2004. Effects of initial N reserve status and residual leaf area after cutting on leaf area and organ establishment during regrowth of alfalfa. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: 1059-1066. Nitrogen reserves in remaining organs and residual leaf area after cutting have long been recognized as key factors during alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) regrowth. The present work examined which morphological components were influenced by contrasting initial N status and residual leaf area during 29 d of regrowth after cutting at 15 cm height. Two levels of initial N reserves (high and low) and of residual leaf areas (not or completely defoliated) were combined in four treatments. Both factors affected shoot dry matter (DM) production at the end of regrowth. The increase in DM of new organs observed with high N reserves resulted from a combination of short-and long-term effects on plant morphology; i.e., (1) an increase in the rate of axis appearance from the crown in the early regrowth stage (day 0-9) and (2) an increase in individual leaf area (ILA) all along the regrowth. Compared with completely defoliated plants, plants with a residual leaf area at cutting exhibited an increased rate of axillary stems appearance all along the regrowth. Then the architecture of plants with a residual leaf area was more branched than the one of defoliated plants. This increase in branching was always associated with smaller ILA. Hence, differences in plant leaf area were only significant in the early growth stage. This suggested that differences observed in new stems DM at the end of the regrowth were established by day 9 and remained unchanged in late regrowth. Our results clearly showed that initial N reserve status and residual leaf area both significantly modify the dynamic of leaf area establishment and new organ growth of alfalfa.Key words: Medicago sativa L., defoliation, morphology, N storage, stems regrowth Simon, J. C., Decau, M. L., Avice. J. C., Jacquet, A., Meuriot, F. et Allirand, J. M. 2004. Incidence du bilan azoté initial et de la surface foliaire résiduelle après la coupe sur la surface foliaire et le rétablissement des organes à la repousse chez la luzerne. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: 1059-1066. On sait depuis longtemps que les réserves d'azote dans les organes rescapés et la surface foliaire qui demeure après la coupe jouent un rôle important dans la repousse de la luzerne (Medicago sativa L.). Les auteurs ont étudié quelles parties de la plante étaient affectées en comparant le bilan azoté initial et la surface foliaire résiduelle au cours des 29 jours de la repousse après tonte à une hauteur de 15 cm. Deux réserves d'azote initiales (élevée et faible) et deux surfaces foliaires résiduelles (défoliation incomplète ou totale) ont été combinées en quatre traitements. Les deux paramètres agissent sur la quantité de matière sèche (MS) produite à la fin de la repousse. La plus forte quantité de MS dans les organes neufs notée avec la réserve de N élevée résulte à la fois des incidences à court et à long terme de la coupe sur la morphologie...

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Effects of environmental factors and endogenous signals on N uptake, N partitioning and taproot vegetative storage protein accumulation in Medicago sativa

Cited by 23 publications

References 40 publications

Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction

Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction

Defoliation frequency and season affected radiation use efficiency and dry matter partitioning to roots of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) crops

Effects of initial N reserve status and residual leaf area after cutting on leaf area and organ establishment during regrowth of alfalfa

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