Effects of eugenol on rat phrenic nerve and phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations

Brodin, P.; Røed, Asbjørn

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(84)90130-4

Cited by 70 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Elevated plasma levels of catecholamines have also been observed, as has increased haematocrit (Hill and Forster 2004). Eugenol works synergistically with d-tubocurarine; it is therefore believed to block nicotine 2 receptors at the motor end plate in muscle (Brodin and Røed 1984). Nicotine 2 receptor blockade causes paralysis without analgesic or hypnotic effect.…”

Section: Isoeugenolmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anaesthesia of farmed fish: implications for welfare

Zahl

Samuelsen

Kiessling

2011

Fish Physiol Biochem

269

188

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During their life cycle as farmed animals, there are several situations in which fish are subjected to handling and confinement. Netting, weighing, sorting, vaccination, transport and, at the end, slaughter are frequent events under farming conditions. As research subjects, fish may also undergo surgical procedures that range from tagging, sampling and small incisions to invasive procedures. In these situations, treatment with anaesthetic agents may be necessary in order to ensure the welfare of the fish. The main objective of this paper is to review our knowledge of the effects of anaesthetic agents in farmed fish and their possible implications for welfare. As wide variations in response to anaesthesia have been observed both between and within species, special attention has been paid to the importance of secondary factors such as body weight, water temperature and acute stress. In this review, we have limited ourselves to the anaesthetic agents such as benzocaine, metacaine (MS-222), metomidate hydrochloride, isoeugenol, 2-phenoxyethanol and quinaldine. Anaesthetic protocols of fish usually refer to one single agent, whereas protocols of human and veterinary medicine cover combinations of several drugs, each contributing to the effects needed in the anaesthesia. As stress prior to anaesthesia may result in abnormal reactions, pre-anaesthetic sedation is regularly used in order to reduce or avoid stress and is an integral part of the veterinary protocols of higher vertebrates. Furthermore, the anaesthetic agents that are used in order to obtain general anaesthesia are combined with analgesic agents that target nociception. The increased use of such combinations in fish is therefore included as a special section. Anaesthetic agents are widely used to avoid stress during various farming procedures. While several studies report that anaesthetics are effective in reducing the stress associated with confinement and handling, there are indications that anaesthesia may in itself induce a stress response, measured by elevated levels of cortisol. MS-222 has been reported to elicit high cortisol release rates immediately following exposure, while benzocaine causes a bimodal response. Metomidate has an inhibitory effect on cortisol in fish and seems to induce the lowest release of cortisol of the agents reported in the literature. Compared to what is observed following severe stressors such as handling and confinement, the amount of cortisol released in response to anaesthesia appears to be low but may represent an extra load under otherwise stressful circumstances. Furthermore, anaesthetics may cause secondary adverse reactions such as acidosis and osmotic stress due to respiratory arrest and insufficient exchange of gas and ions between the blood and the water. All in all, anaesthetics may reduce stress and thereby improve welfare but can also have unwanted side effects that reduce the welfare of the fish and should therefore always be used with caution. Finally, on the basis of the data reported in the literature and o...

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Section: Isoeugenolmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anaesthesia of farmed fish: implications for welfare

Zahl

Samuelsen

Kiessling

2011

Fish Physiol Biochem

269

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although the action of eugenol is thought to be analgesic (Feng and Lipton, 1987;Thompson and Eling, 1989), authors reported that eugenol appears to have other actions (Sticht and Smith, 1971;Brodin and Roed, 1984). This compound reduces arterial blood pressure in dogs after intravenous injections, and increases blood flow after both intra-arterial and intravenous injections (Sticht and Smith, 1971), suggesting that the action of eugenol on the cardiovascular system might be on blood vessels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasorelaxant effects of eugenol on rat thoracic aorta

Damiani

Rossoni

Vassallo

2003

Vascular Pharmacology

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Eugenol is a natural pungent substance and the main component of clove oil, with vasorelaxant action. To elucidate some of the possible mechanisms involved in this action isometric tension was measured in aortic rings from male Wistar rats precontracted with phenylephrine (PHE, 10 À7 M) or KCl (75 mM). Responses to increasing concentrations of eugenol (10 À6 -10 À2 M) were obtained in the presence and absence of endothelium. In the presence of eugenol, dose -response curves to PHE (10 À9 to 10 À4 M) and KCl (5 -125 mM) were displaced downwards. Concentration-dependent relaxation was observed in rings precontracted with PHE (10 À7 M) and KCl (75 mM). The tension increment produced by increasing external calcium concentration (0.25 -3 mM) was also reduced by eugenol (300 mM) treatment. The inhibitory effects of eugenol (300 mM) were compared to those induced by nifedipine (0.01 mM), a selective Ca 2+ channel blocker, producing similar relaxant effects. Two other protocols were performed. After precontraction with PHE (10 À7 M), increasing concentrations of eugenol (10 À6 -10 À2 M) were used before and after N w -nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME, 10 À4 M) and methylene blue (10 À5 M) treatment. Eugenolinduced relaxation was reduced by endothelial damage (rubbing), L-NAME and methylene blue treatments. Results suggested that eugenol produces smooth muscle relaxation resulting from the blockade of both voltage-sensitive and receptor-operated channels that are modulated by endothelial-generated nitric oxide. D

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“…Many essential oils and their chemical constituents are known to have potent local anesthetic activity (6)(7)(8). Because no previous pharmacological studies with terpineol had examined its effects on peripheral nerve electrophysiology, the present study aimed at characterizing the actions of terpineol on the compound action potential (CAP).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of terpineol on the compound action potential of the rat sciatic nerve

Moreira

Cruz

Lopes

et al. 2001

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Terpineol, a volatile terpenoid alcohol of low toxicity, is widely used in the perfumery industry. It is an important chemical constituent of the essential oil of many plants with widespread applications in folk medicine and in aromatherapy. The effects of terpineol on the compound action potential (CAP) of rat sciatic nerve were studied. Terpineol induced a dose-dependent blockade of the CAP. At 100 µM, terpineol had no demonstrable effect. At 300 µM terpineol, peak-topeak amplitude and conduction velocity of CAP were significantly reduced at the end of 180-min exposure of the nerve to the drug, from 3.28 ± 0.22 mV and 33.5 ± 7.05 m/s, respectively, to 1.91 ± 0.51 mV and 26.2 ± 4.55 m/s. At 600 µM, terpineol significantly reduced peakto-peak amplitude and conduction velocity from 2.97 ± 0.55 mV and 32.8 ± 3.91 m/s to 0.24 ± 0.23 mV and 2.72 ± 2.72 m/s, respectively (N = 5). All these effects developed slowly and were reversible upon 180-min washout. Correspondence

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Effects of eugenol on rat phrenic nerve and phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations

Cited by 70 publications

References 17 publications

Anaesthesia of farmed fish: implications for welfare

Anaesthesia of farmed fish: implications for welfare

Vasorelaxant effects of eugenol on rat thoracic aorta

Effects of terpineol on the compound action potential of the rat sciatic nerve

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