Effects of exercise and diet on chronic disease

Roberts, Christian K.; Barnard, R. James

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00852.2004

Cited by 474 publications

(294 citation statements)

References 413 publications

(362 reference statements)

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“…The biological importance of lignans and lignan metabolites has been previously reviewed [7][8][9]. Epidemiological studies show an inverse association between dietary intake of lignans and the risk of cardiovascular disease [10,11]. Lignans also have potential protective roles against cancer in breast [12], prostate [13], and colon [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing lignan biosynthesis by over‐expressing pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase in transgenic wheat

Ayella

Trick

Wang³

2007

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Abbreviations: HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; MS, mass spectrum; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PLR, pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase; SDG, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside; Ubi, ubiquitin. were found to be 2.2-times higher in one of the three positive transgenic sub-lines at TB 2 B than that in the wild-type (117.9 ± 4.5 vs. 52.9 ± 19.8 µg/g, p < 0.005). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that elevated lignan levels in a transgenic wheat line has been successfully achieved through genetic engineering of over-expressed PLR gene. Although future studies are needed for a stably expression and more efficient transformants, the new wheat line with significantly higher SDG contents obtained from this study may have potential application in providing additive health benefits for cancer prevention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing lignan biosynthesis by over‐expressing pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase in transgenic wheat

Ayella

Trick

Wang³

2007

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…Consensus among medical organizations emphasizes dietary modification that is high in complex carbohydrate (CHO) and low in fat to improve glycemic control, lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations, and reduce insulin requirements (Lui et al, 2000;Hu et al, 2001;Roberts and Barnard, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of breakfast meal composition on second meal metabolic responses in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

et al. 2006

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Objective: We tested the relative importance of a low-glycemic response versus a high glycemic response breakfast meal on postprandial serum glucose, insulin and free fatty acid (FFA) responses after consumption of a standardized mid-day meal in adult individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Design: Following an overnight fast of 8-10 h, a randomized crossover intervention using control and test meals was conducted over a 3-week-period. A fasting baseline measurement and postprandial measurements at various time intervals after the breakfast and mid-day meal were taken. Subjects: Forty-five Type 2 DM subjects completed the requirements and were included in the study results. Interventions: Two different breakfast meals were administered during the intervention: (A) a high glycemic load breakfast meal consisting of farina (kJ 1833; carbohydrate (CHO) 78 g and psylium soluble fiber 0 g), (B) a low-glycemic load breakfast meal consisting of a fiber-loop cereal (kJ 1515; CHO 62 g and psyllium soluble fiber 6.6 g). A standardized lunch was provided approximately 4 h after breakfast. Blood plasma concentrations and area under the curve (AUC) values for glucose, insulin and FFA were measured in response to the breakfast and mid-day lunch. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (8.02). Comparisons between diets were based on adjusted Bonferroni t-tests. Results: In post-breakfast analyses, Breakfast B had significantly lower area under the curve (AUC) values for plasma glucose and insulin compared to Breakfast A (Po0.05) (95% confidence level). The AUC values for FFA were higher for Breakfast B than for Breakfast A (Po0.05) (95% confidence level). Post-lunch analyses indicated similar glucose responses for the two breakfast types. Insulin AUC values for Breakfasts B were significantly lower than Breakfast A (Po0.05) (95% confidence level). The AUC values for FFA were unaffected by breakfast type. Conclusions: These data indicate that ingesting a low-glycemic load meal containing psyllium soluble fiber at breakfast significantly improves the breakfast postprandial glycemic, insulinemic and FFA responses in adults with Type 2 DM. These data revealed no residual postprandial effect of the psyllium soluble fiber breakfast meal beyond the second meal consumed. Thus, there was no evidence of an improvement postprandially in the glycemic, insulinemic and FFA responses after the consumption of the lunch meal. Sponsorship: This study was supported with an unrestricted grant from Kellogg Company, Battle Creek, Michigan.

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“…Queensland has a large Polynesian population of approximately 40 000, 38 % of whom identify with Samoan ancestry (10,11) . Little has been done to address the poor state of health of Samoan people in Australia.Diet quality is a known risk factor for a number of chronic diseases (12)(13)(14) . The antioxidant properties of vegetables can reduce risk of chronic disease while the consumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor foods and beverages can increase the risk of chronic disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary habits of Samoan adults in an urban Australian setting: a cross-sectional study

Perkins

Ware

Tautalasoo³

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To describe key characteristics of the dietary habits of Samoans residing in Logan, Queensland and to compare these characteristics with comparable populations. Design: Dietary intake was measured using a self-administered structured questionnaire between December 2012 and March 2013. Demographic characteristics included age and sex. Questionnaire results were compared with data from samples of Brisbane residents of similar social and economic characteristics and Pacific Islanders in New Zealand. The association between demographic characteristics and diet was investigated. Setting: Logan, Queensland, Australia. Subjects: Samoans aged 16 years and older. Results: A total of 207 Samoans participated, ninety-six (46 %) of whom were male. Of the participants, seventy-nine (38 %) were aged 16-29 years, sixty-three (30 %) were aged 30-49 years and sixty-five (31 %) were aged ≥50 years. Younger adults were significantly more likely to eat hamburgers, pizza, cakes, savoury pastries, potato crisps, sweets and soft drinks (all variables P < 0·001). Among Samoans, 44·7 % consumed two or more pieces of fruit daily, compared with 43·8 % of comparable Brisbane residents (relative risk = 1·0; 95 % CI 0·8, 1·2). Three or more servings of vegetables each day were consumed by 9·2 % of Samoans compared with 36·6 % of comparable Brisbane residents (relative risk = 3·8; 95 % CI 2·5, 6·0). Conclusions: Samoans are consuming significantly fewer vegetables and more discretionary foods than other populations. Socio-economic factors, length of stay in Australia and cultural practices may impact upon Samoans' diets. Further comprehensive studies on Samoans' dietary habits in Australia are recommended. Keywords Migrant health Pacific IslandersDietary intake Acculturation Nutritional inequalitiesPartially as a consequence of the adoption of Westernstyle diets (1)(2)(3) , rates of chronic disease, particularly obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, have increased dramatically in recent years among migrant Polynesian communities. The increased risk of chronic disease is amplified by an apparent genetic predisposition to obesity, diabetes, heart disease and hypertension (4,5) . The present paper considers key dietary characteristics of a population who identify with Samoan ancestry and reside in Logan, which is part of the Greater Brisbane region of South East Queensland. Henceforth, this population will be referred to as Samoans. Samoans are more susceptible to poor levels of population health as a result of various determinants underpinning their attitudes, access and knowledge of health care, such as socio-cultural issues, low socio-economic status and low health literacy (6,7) . Consequently, Samoans suffer disproportionate rates of non-communicable diseases and avoidable hospital admissions (7)(8)(9) . Queensland has a large Polynesian population of approximately 40 000, 38 % of whom identify with Samoan ancestry (10,11) . Little has been done to address the poor state of health of Samoan people in Australia.Diet qualit...

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Effects of exercise and diet on chronic disease

Cited by 474 publications

References 413 publications

Enhancing lignan biosynthesis by over‐expressing pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase in transgenic wheat

Enhancing lignan biosynthesis by over‐expressing pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase in transgenic wheat

Effects of breakfast meal composition on second meal metabolic responses in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Dietary habits of Samoan adults in an urban Australian setting: a cross-sectional study

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