Effects of exercise on riboflavin requirements of young women

Belko, A Z; Obarzanek, Eva; Kalkwarf, Heidi J.; Rotter, Maria; Bogusz, Stanislau; Miller, Darryl W.; Haas, Jere D.; Roe, Daphne A.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/37.4.509

Cited by 79 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Using erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (E-GRAC) as an indicator of riboflavin status in females, Belko et al 69 reported a 15% increase in daily riboflavin requirement during increased moderate physical exercise. Two subsequent studies by the same group 70,71 seemed to support the finding.…”

Section: Vitamins Of the B-complex Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrients: interaction between physical activity, intakes and requirements

Fogelholm

1999

Public Health Nutr.

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The present literature review examines the following questions: (a) What is the evidence that micronutrient requirements are increased in physically active people? (b) Is there an association between physical activity and micronutrient intake? (c) Are there any significant differences between indices of micronutrient status between physically active and inactive people? The available data suggest that micronutrient requirements are increased in physically active people because of increased losses through sweat, urine and faeces, and an increased need for defence against free radicals. However the evidence is controversial, and it is not possible to make any quantitative estimations. Micronutrient requirements in moderately active people are not likely to be very much above the levels recommended for the general population. The intake of micronutrients increases with increasing energy intake. Therefore, physically highly active people (athletes) have higher micronutrient intakes than untrained subjects. However, moderate physical activity does not necessarily affect daily micronutrient intake. The available indices of micronutrient status do not support the belief that micronutrient status is compromised in highly trained athletes, even without use of dietary supplements. Hence, there are no reasons to believe that the situation would be different in people who are only moderately active. The results suggest that micronutrient status is adequate for health and functional performance in physically active people who follow a normal, mixed Western diet.

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Section: Vitamins Of the B-complex Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrients: interaction between physical activity, intakes and requirements

Fogelholm

1999

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Using an erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRAC) >1.25 as evidence of riboflavin deficiency, Belko and colleagues (7) found that physically active young women needed between 0.63 and 1.4 mg/1,000 kcal. When overweight women on a caloric restricted diet were examined, it was found that 0.8 mg riboflavin1 1,000 kcal was not adequate during periods of exercise or nonexercise (8).…”

Section: Vitamin Needs During Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation to Athletes

Haymes

1991

International Journal of Sport Nutrition

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Vitamin and mineral supplements are frequently used by competitive and recreational athletes. Dietary deficiencies of most vitamins are not very common among athletes except in those who restrict their food intake in order to maintain body weight. Vitamins most likely to be deficient in the diet are folate, B,, B,,, and E. Biochemical evidence of vitamin deficiencies in some athletes have been reported for thiamine, riboflavin, and B,. When the diet is deficient, vitamin supplements may improve performance but are not likely to be effective if the dietary intake is adequate. Some female athletes' diets are low in calcium, iron, and zinc. Low calcium intake may reduce peak bone mass in young women. Iron deficiency may impair performance and needs to be corrected with an iron supplement. Zinc supplements that exceed the RDA interfere with the absorption of copper and lower HDLcholesterol.The use of vitamin and mineral supplements by athletes is widespread, especially in the United States. According to recent surveys of supplement use among athletes, more than 50% of elite women distance runners, nonelite women marathon runners and triathletes, and Ironman triathletes of both sexes consume vitamin and mineral supplements regularly (22,32,76,109,164). Thirty percent of nonelite men competing in marathons and triathlons report daily use of vitamin and mineral supplements (109, 164). Use of vitamin supplements is also prevalent among high school and college athletes-56% of males and 33% of females (1 18 In competitive events where the difference between winning and losing is measured in seconds or even a fraction of a second, poor nutrition could have a negative effect. Many athletes take vitamin and mineral supplements to ensure adequate nutrient intake. Other athletes believe that certain vitamins or minerals have ergogenic properties that will improve performance. In this review we will examine whether athletes need additional vitamins and minerals. There are three primary reasons why supplementing the diet with specific vitamins and/or minerals might be beneficial to athletes: (a) The athlete's diet is deficient in one or Emily M. Haymes is with the

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“…It has been proposed that thiamin [30] and ribo flavin [6] requirements are higher in the phys ically active, but these viewpoints have also been questioned [31,32], It is possible that the lack of changes in thiamin and riboflavin status indicators during the present exercise program was due to adequate dietary intakes or that the increase in total daily EE was not large enough.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Micronutrient Status in Females during a 24-Week Fitness-Type Exercise Program

Fogelholm

1992

Ann Nutr Metab

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Thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B₆, magnesium, iron and zinc status, assessed from blood samples, was studied during a 24-week fitness-type exercise program. Subjects in exercise (n = 21) and control (n = 18) groups were female university students, aged 18-33 years. Erythrocyte (E) transketolase and glutathione activation coefficient, serum magnesium, zinc and ferritin, blood hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume were similar in both groups throughout the entire study. E-aspartate aminotransferase activation coefficient (vitamin B₆ status) increased (4%) in exercise and decreased (7%) in control groups (p = 0.04), respectively. E-magnesium was stable in exercise but decreased (4%) in control groups (p= 0.004%). E-zinc increased (9%) in exercise subjects but remained stable in controls (p < 0.0001). A marginally altered vitamin B₆ status was the only negative change found in exercise subjects.

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Effects of exercise on riboflavin requirements of young women

Cited by 79 publications

References 12 publications

Micronutrients: interaction between physical activity, intakes and requirements

Micronutrients: interaction between physical activity, intakes and requirements

Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation to Athletes

Micronutrient Status in Females during a 24-Week Fitness-Type Exercise Program

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