Effects of exercise training on the glutathione antioxidant system

Elokda, Ahmed; Nielsen, David H.

doi:10.1097/hjr.0b013e32828622d7

Cited by 70 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In sedentary, able-bodied individuals, a 6-week exercise program resulted in a significant increase in resting glutathione and decrease in glutathione disulfide levels compared with a control (no exercise) group. 89 Similar findings of decreased oxidative stress, accompanied by improvements in aerobic fitness with long-term (up to 12 months) exercise training were found among a group of previously sedentary older adults. 90,91 However, improvements in antioxidant capacity are also readily reversed by detraining (e.g.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress and Rehabilitation In Chronic Scisupporting

confidence: 57%

Potential role of oxidative stress on the prescription of rehabilitation interventions in spinal cord injury

et al. 2013

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Study design: Review article. Objectives: To provide an overview of free radical biology, particularly with respect to muscle physiology, as well as the potential effects of muscle morphological changes, physical capacity and nutritional status on oxidative stress in people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). The potential implications of these factors for determining the optimal dosage of rehabilitation training interventions in people with chronic SCI will also be presented. Setting: Vancouver, BC, Canada. Methods: Literature review. Results: Not applicable. Conclusion: There has been a great deal of focus on rehabilitation exercise interventions providing intensive practice of movements to enhance functional recovery and physical capacity following SCI. However, there is still much to be understood about the appropriate dosage of training parameters (e.g. frequency, duration). It has been known for several decades that exercise increases free radical production, leading to oxidative stress. To date, there has been little consideration of the potential interaction of oxidative stress with training parameters on functional outcomes in chronic SCI. Furthermore, individuals with chronic SCI face many secondary consequences of their injury, such as muscle atrophy, change in muscle fiber type, general deconditioning and nutritional status, that are known to influence free radical production and antioxidant capacity. Better understanding of the potential confounding effects of oxidative stress associated with exercise will improve our ability to determine the optimal 'dose' of rehabilitation training to maximize functional recovery following SCI.

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Section: Oxidative Stress and Rehabilitation In Chronic Scisupporting

confidence: 57%

Potential role of oxidative stress on the prescription of rehabilitation interventions in spinal cord injury

et al. 2013

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“…This has been shown in healthy populations [18] . The combination of aerobic exercise and strength training has been shown to be optimal for increasing GSH in the obese and in healthy older adults [19,20] .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…A power analysis was performed based upon previous work by Elokda and Nielsen [18] . A sample size of 28 subjects in total (7 per group) was calculated to provide a 95% power to detect a difference in the mean change of GSH at 100 M .…”

Section: Design and Sample Size Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Exercise and B Vitamins on Homocysteine and Glutathione in Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Trial

DiFrancisco‐Donoghue¹,

Lamberg²,

Rabin³

et al. 2012

Neurodegener Dis

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Background: Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have decreased glutathione levels and elevated homocysteine levels. These substances are considered markers of health, and an inverse relationship has been suggested through the transsulfuration pathway. This experiment tested the effects of exercise and B vitamin supplementation on homocysteine and glutathione levels, and if a relationship was present between these two markers in those with PD. Secondary aims included examining the impact of the interventions on aerobic efficiency and strength. Methods: Thirty-six subjects were randomly assigned to 4 groups. The Vit group received vitamins B₆, B₁₂ and folic acid daily for 6 weeks. The Ex group received aerobic and strength training twice weekly for 6 weeks. The Vit + Ex group received both interventions. A control group received no intervention. Subjects were tested prior to and after intervention on the following measures: glutathione and homocysteine levels, strength measures and oxygen consumption. Results: Subjects who received 6 weeks of B vitamin supplementation had lowered homocysteine levels. Subjects who received 6 weeks of exercise training had increased glutathione levels, strength and aerobic capacity. The combination of vitamin and exercise did not yield greater changes than the separate intervention. The control subjects did not change on any measures. Conclusion: Positive results were realized with each intervention; however, the expected relationship between glutathione and homocysteine was not found in this sample of subjects with PD. Homocysteine and glutathione levels can be improved independently in individuals with PD with exercise or vitamins B₆, B₁₂ and folic acid supplementation.

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“…Another important factor contributing to the rise in plasma FORD is the tri-peptide glutathione (GSH; (Palmieri and Sblendorio 2007). Several studies in elite athletes have reported acute and chronic changes in blood GSH in response to exercise (Lewis et al 2015), with exercise training known to elicit the up-regulation of intra-cellular GSH (Elokda and Nielsen 2007), and intra-cellular GSH being a significant source of blood GSH (Giustarini et al 2008). Thus plasma changes in the athletes FORD values may largely reflect changes in vitamin C and GSH; this was not tested experimentally in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effects of exercise on alterations in redox homeostasis in elite male and female endurance athletes using a clinical point-of-care test

Lewis

Towey

Bruinvels

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Exercise causes alterations in redox homeostasis (ARH). Measuring ARH in elite athletes may aid in the identification of training tolerance, fatigued states and underperformance. To our knowledge no studies have examined ARH in elite male and female distance runners at sea level. The monitoring of ARH in athletes is hindered by a lack of reliable and repeatable in-the-field testing tools and by the rapid turnaround of results. We examined the effects of various exercise intensities on ARH in healthy (non-overreached) elite male and female endurance athletes using clinical point of care (POC) redox tests, referred to as the free-oxygen-radical-test (FORT; pro-oxidant) and the free-oxygen-radical-defence (FORD; anti-oxidant). Elite male and female endurance athletes (n=22) completed a discontinuous incremental treadmill protocol at submaximal running speeds and a test to exhaustion. Redox measures were analyzed via blood sampling at rest; warm-up; sub-maximal exercise; exhaustion and recovery. FORD was elevated above rest after sub-maximal, and

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Effects of exercise training on the glutathione antioxidant system

Cited by 70 publications

References 43 publications

Potential role of oxidative stress on the prescription of rehabilitation interventions in spinal cord injury

Potential role of oxidative stress on the prescription of rehabilitation interventions in spinal cord injury

Effects of Exercise and B Vitamins on Homocysteine and Glutathione in Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Trial

Effects of exercise on alterations in redox homeostasis in elite male and female endurance athletes using a clinical point-of-care test

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