Effects of expanded polystyrene (EPS) particles on fire resistance, thermal conductivity and compressive strength of foamed concrete

Sayadi, Ali A.; Tapia, J.; Neitzert, Thomas; Clifton, G. Charles

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.218

Cited by 331 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Other remaining surfaces are set to be traction free. The required parameters, such as elasticity modulus and strength, are selected from the analytical relationship in [2,43,44] and listed in Table 3. The input parameters for the CDP model, such as dilation angle and eccentricity, are selected and adjusted from the data in [42,45].…”

Section: Numerical Simulation For Thermal and Mechanical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore Characteristics and Their Effects on the Material Properties of Foamed Concrete Evaluated Using Micro-CT Images and Numerical Approaches

et al. 2017

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Foamed concrete contains numerous pores inside the material, and these pores are a significant factor determining the material characteristics. In particular, the pore distribution characteristics of foamed concrete significantly affect its thermal and mechanical properties. Therefore, an appropriate investigation is necessary for a more detailed understanding of foamed concrete. Here, a set of foamed concrete samples with different densities is used in order to investigate the density effects on the pore characteristics, as well as the physical properties of the materials. The pore distribution characteristics of these samples are investigated using an X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging technique with probabilistic and quantitative methods. Using these methods, the anisotropy, the pore circularity factor and the relative density of cell thickness are examined. The thermal (thermal conductivity) and mechanical (directional modulus and strength) properties of each foamed specimen are computed using numerical simulations and compared with experimental results. From the obtained results, the effects of the pore sizes and shapes on the local and global properties of the foamed concrete are examined for developing advanced foamed concrete with lower thermal conductivity by minimizing the strength reduction.

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Section: Numerical Simulation For Thermal and Mechanical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore Characteristics and Their Effects on the Material Properties of Foamed Concrete Evaluated Using Micro-CT Images and Numerical Approaches

et al. 2017

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“…Nevertheless, at 28 days, the compressive strength was not significantly affected by the polystyrene size (p-value > .05). Babu et al (2005), Miled et al (2007, and Sayadi et al (2016) reported that the compressive strength of the EPS lightweight concrete decreased remarkably with an increase in the polystyrene size. We made samples with sand, cement, and polystyrene, but we could not use coarse aggregate in our samples, and this may be the difference our results with mentioned researches.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sayadi, Tapia, Neitzert, and Clifton () investigated the fire resistance, thermal conductivity, and compressive strength of foamed concrete samples containing polystyrene particles. The density of foamed and polystyrene foamed concrete varied between 1,200 and 1,500 kg/m 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage of polystyrene disposable food dishes in the lightweight concrete making

Asadollahfardi

Delnavaz

Gonabadi

et al. 2019

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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The increasing use and subsequent accumulation of polystyrene containers has triggered a substantial environmental problem. This study investigated using varied percentages of solid waste polystyrene disposable food dishes in the production of lightweight concrete samples with 350 kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) of cement and a density of 1,300 kg/m3. The polystyrene disposable dishes were ground into beads of 0–3 millimeters (mm) and 3–6 mm in size. First, the characteristics of Type II Portland cement, polystyrene, and aggregates were examined. The following characteristics of concrete using ASTM International and British Standards Institution standards were tested: slump, compressive strength, ability to resist chloride ion penetration, and resistance of concrete to rapid freezing and thawing cycles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analytical techniques were also used. The slump of samples varied between 40 and 70 mm and was not dependent on either the polystyrene percentage or the size of the polystyrene beads in the concrete samples (p‐value > .05). The compressive strength of the concrete samples after 90 days of curing, and using different percentages of polystyrene, varied between 96 and 113 kilograms per square centimeter (kg/cm2). The resistance of the samples to the freezing and thawing cycle and chloride ion penetration were affected unfavorably by the presence of the polystyrene. The SEM technique indicated that concrete samples containing 15% and 25% polystyrene had denser crystals and less void than concrete samples with 40% and 55% polystyrene.

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“…They are used generally as organic adhesives, which provide a firm bond between additives and matrix. For instance, Sayadi et al . chose aqueous epoxy resin dispersed by poly(vinyl propionate) to increase the interfacial bonding strength between EPS beads and inorganic filler.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene foams coated with ethanediol‐modified melamine–formaldehyde resin and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate

Zhang

Han

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Melamine–formaldehyde resin was modified by ethylene glycol to decrease the amount of free formaldehyde and extend the storage time. The modified resin (EMF) was further used to prepare microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP). The structures of both EMF and MCAPP were well characterized. Afterward, EMF and MCAPP were mixed and coated on the surface of pre‐expanded polystyrene particles to prepare flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene foams (EPS). Both water resistance and impact strength were enhanced by the presence of MCAPP, and the flammability of the samples was also significantly improved. For the sample containing 75 phr MCAPP, the limiting oxygen index value was increased to 31.4% with a V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 vertical burning test. Cone calorimeter tests showed that the peak heat release rate of the sample declined sharply to 172.7 kW/m2, which is 81.6% lower than that of neat EPS. The smoke production of EPS foams during combustion was suppressed by the presence of MCAPP, and the thermal stability was also improved. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the char layer of the flame‐retardant sample after combustion became compact with negligible voids or cracks, which could further form an isolation barrier to prevent both heat and flame transfer. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46471.

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Effects of expanded polystyrene (EPS) particles on fire resistance, thermal conductivity and compressive strength of foamed concrete

Cited by 331 publications

References 109 publications

Pore Characteristics and Their Effects on the Material Properties of Foamed Concrete Evaluated Using Micro-CT Images and Numerical Approaches

Pore Characteristics and Their Effects on the Material Properties of Foamed Concrete Evaluated Using Micro-CT Images and Numerical Approaches

Usage of polystyrene disposable food dishes in the lightweight concrete making

Flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene foams coated with ethanediol‐modified melamine–formaldehyde resin and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate

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