Effects of exposure time and intensity on the shot peen forming characteristics of Ti/CFRP laminates

Hu, Yubing; Zhang, Wei; Jiang, Wei; Cao, Liang; Shen, Yizhou; Li, Huaguan; Guan, Zhongwei; Tao, Jie; Xu, Jiang

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.09.019

Cited by 37 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The total arc heights include two parts: deformation along the longitudinal direction, length 31.75 mm, and along the transverse direction, width 15.87 mm [ 6 ]. The relationship between the curvature radius R and the arc height A h can be obtained by a geometrical analysis, as schematically displayed in Figure 3 , which is expressed by Equation (3):

where L is the length of the span (Hu and Zhang [ 22 ]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Approach to Direct Simulation of an Actual Almen Shot Peening Intensity Test with a Large Number of Shots

et al. 2020

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In existing simulations of the Almen intensity test, arc height is indirectly obtained by an equivalent method including a representative cell, a few shots and equivalent loading. Most of these equivalent methods cannot consider the transverse deformation of the strip, the complex stress state of the plastic hardening layer and process parameters, resulting in deviation from the actual test. This paper introduces an improved and experimentally validated discrete element model (DEM)-finite element model (FEM) to predict the actual Almen intensity. The improvement of this model is mainly reflected in the large and real number of shots involved in the actual Almen intensity test, shot–shot interactions, and real-size solid finite element model of the Almen strip. A new method for calculating the shot stream is proposed based on the test and considering test process parameters such as the mass flowrate, nozzle movement speed and nozzle–workpiece distance. The shot stream impacting the strip with a fully restrained underside was first simulated in improved DEM-FEM to bring the forming energy. As a second step, an implicit solver of the Almen strip FEM calculates the spring-back to simulate strip removal from the holder. The results achieved by the present approach are compared with the results obtained by the experimental results and those in the literature. The results show that the arc height and Almen intensity obtained by the present approach match much better with the literature than the traditional method. Some new results obtained by the improved coupling DEM-FEM method are presented. The influences of the transverse deformation and surface plastic layer on the deformation of the Almen strip are discussed. This improved method provides an alternative characterization method for precision peen forming simulation.

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where L is the length of the span (Hu and Zhang [ 22 ]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Approach to Direct Simulation of an Actual Almen Shot Peening Intensity Test with a Large Number of Shots

et al. 2020

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“…Effects of SPF parameters on the forming characteristics of Ti-CF-Polyimide and Ti-CF-PEEK laminates were investigated by Hu et al [230]. They observed that the interfaces between the metal layers and the prepreg layers after SPF are continuous and well preserved.…”

Section: Shot Peening Formingmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Advances and Future Possibilities in Forming Technology of Hybrid Metal–Polymer Composites Used in Aerospace Applications

et al. 2021

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Fibre metal laminates, hybrid composite materials built up from interlaced layers of thin metals and fibre reinforced adhesives, are future-proof materials used in the production of passenger aircraft, yachts, sailplanes, racing cars, and sports equipment. The most commercially available fibre–metal laminates are carbon reinforced aluminium laminates, aramid reinforced aluminium laminates, and glass reinforced aluminium laminates. This review emphasises the developing technologies for forming hybrid metal–polymer composites (HMPC). New advances and future possibilities in the forming technology for this group of materials is discussed. A brief classification of the currently available types of FMLs and details of their methods of fabrication are also presented. Particular emphasis was placed on the methods of shaping FMLs using plastic working techniques, i.e., incremental sheet forming, shot peening forming, press brake bending, electro-magnetic forming, hydroforming, and stamping. Current progress and the future directions of research on HMPCs are summarised and presented.

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“…Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) have developed rapidly in the last two decades as a family of hybrid materials consisting of bonded thin metal sheets and fiber/adhesive layers. This laminated structure provides the material with excellent fatigue, impact, and damage tolerance characteristics and a low density [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Producing a component with complex geometries typically requires preparing, curing, and forming stages, which are very labor intensive and expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synergistic Effect of Temperature and Loading Rate on Deformation for Thermoplastic Fiber Metal Laminates

Jin

Xuan²,

Tao

et al. 2021

Materials

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The glass fiber reinforced polypropylene/AA2024 hybrid laminates (short for Al/Gf/PP laminates) as structural materials were prepared and formed by hot pressing. The synergistic effects of temperature and loading speed on the laminate deformation under tensile and bending conditions were investigated and analyzed in this study. In tension, stress–strain curves presented bimodal types effected by tensile rates and temperatures. The state of PP resin determines the mechanical behavior of the FMLs. The tensile rate has no effect on FML deformation without heating or over the melting point of PP resin (about 170 °C). The softening point of PP resin (about 100 °C) is characteristic temperature. When the temperature exceeds the softening point but does not reach the melting point, the tensile strength and elongation will demonstrate coordinated growth at a relatively high tensile speed. The efficiency of fiber bridging is affected significantly since the resin is the medium that transfers load from the metal to the fiber. Under bending, the curves presented a waterfall decrement with temperature increment. The softening point of resin matrix is the key in a bending process. When the temperature is near the softening point, deformation is sensitive to both the temperature and the loading speed to a certain extent. If temperature is lower than softening point, deformation is mainly guided by temperature. If the temperature is beyond the softening point, loading speed is in a leading position of deformation. The bending strength gradually increases with loading rate. By using these deformation characteristics, the deformation of the thermoplastic laminates can be controlled in stamping or other plastic forming processes for thermoplastic fiber metal laminates.

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Effects of exposure time and intensity on the shot peen forming characteristics of Ti/CFRP laminates

Cited by 37 publications

References 23 publications

An Improved Approach to Direct Simulation of an Actual Almen Shot Peening Intensity Test with a Large Number of Shots

An Improved Approach to Direct Simulation of an Actual Almen Shot Peening Intensity Test with a Large Number of Shots

New Advances and Future Possibilities in Forming Technology of Hybrid Metal–Polymer Composites Used in Aerospace Applications

The Synergistic Effect of Temperature and Loading Rate on Deformation for Thermoplastic Fiber Metal Laminates

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