Effects of fabrication parameters on the mechanical properties of short basalt‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites for fused deposition modeling‐based 3D printing

Abstract

This study develops sustainable and recyclable basalt fiber (BF)-reinforced flexible plastic low-temperature polyamide (L-PA) filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM)-3D printing and optimizes fabrication parameters to achieve eco-friendliness, high mechanical performance, and lightweight FDM-fabricated composite parts. Herein, 15 wt% fiber-filled composite filaments were prepared by an extrusion process. Three manufacturing parameters, including printing temperature, printing speed, and layer height, were investigated for their effects on the tensile and compression properties through Taguchi L9 orthogonal experiments. To obtain a suitable printing temperature range, the thermal behaviors of the composite filaments were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and melt flow factor measurements. In addition, the FDM-printed specimen surface and tensile fracture interface after tensile tests were observed and analyzed by SEM. Results show that the printing temperature has the greatest effect on the mechanical properties of the BF/L-PA composites, followed by the layer height, whereas the printing speed has the least effect. This indicates that better mechanical properties can be obtained at higher printing temperatures and lower layer heights. Compared with neat L-PA, adding BF to L-PA improves the tensile modulus, tensile strength, and specific energy absorption per volume without sacrificing ductility, showing the maximal increases of 176.6%, 142.0%, and 172.2%, respectively, as compared with neat L-PA. A SEM micrograph reveals that the primary factors for these improvements are the fibers acting as reinforcement filling in the L-PA matrix and the good bonding properties between the adjacent infills in a single layer and among successive layers.

The investigation of printing parameters effect on tensile characteristics for triply periodic minimal surface designs by Taguchi

“…The other two main contributors are line width and printing speed, respectively. Despite previous extensive research on layer height as a critical printing parameter, especially in tensile tests, the contribution of layer height in this study was a mere 0.82% 10,11,44 . This study specifically deals with a cellular structure where the units' connections are concentrated in a small region, resulting in a relatively low number of layers in the joint area.…”

Enhanced fracture toughness and tensile strength of 3D printed recycled ABS composites reinforced with continuous metallic fiber for load-bearing application

“…Recently, the development of short and continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) has played an important role in enhancing the mechanical performance of engineering applications (Cheng et al , 2023; Hua et al , 2023; De la Fuente et al , 2023; Mishra et al , 2022; Wang et al , 2023; Zhang et al , 2023). In particular, CFRTPC has presented significantly superior mechanical properties compared to short fiber-reinforced counterparts (Le Duigou et al , 2019; Heidari-Rarani et al , 2019; Terekhina et al , 2022).…”

Mechanical Properties and Performance of 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Reinforced with Carbon, Glass and Basalt Short Fibers

“…GFs, typically made of borosilicate glass, are valued for their cost-effectiveness, providing improved strength, stiffness, impact resistance, dimensional stability, temperature resistance, and chemical resistance [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. BFs, which are derived from basalt rock through a process of melting and extrusion, offer a balance between performance and affordability, making them a compelling choice for many applications [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”