Effects of Familiar and Unfamiliar Asynchronous Music on Treadmill Walking Endurance

Crust, Lee

doi:10.2466/pms.99.1.361-368

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The required sample size was calculated using a G*Power 3.1 analysis. With a significance level of .05, a moderate effect size of .50 based on previous research [24], and statistical power of .80, 14 participants were required to provide adequate power [25]. However, due to the restricted number of eligible participants, 12 shooters were recruited.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of music on arousal during imagery in elite shooters: A pilot study

2017

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Beneficial effects of music on several performance-related aspects of sport have been reported, but the processes involved are not well understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects of relaxing and arousing classical music on physiological indicators and subjective perceptions of arousal during imagery of a sport task. First, appropriate music excerpts were selected. Then, 12 skilled shooters performed shooting imagery while listening to the three preselected music excerpts in randomized order. Participants’ galvanic skin response, peripheral temperature, and electromyography were monitored during music played concurrently with imagery. Subjective music ratings and physiological measures showed, as hypothesized, that unfamiliar relaxing music was the most relaxing and unfamiliar arousing music was the most arousing. Researchers should examine the impact of unfamiliar relaxing and arousing music played during imagery on subsequent performance in diverse sports. Practitioners can apply unfamiliar relaxing and arousing music with imagery to manipulate arousal level.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of music on arousal during imagery in elite shooters: A pilot study

2017

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“…The participants in Crust's (2004b) study completed the Balke Walking Test on a treadmill. The task is graded , which means that work rate is increased incrementally until volitional exhaustion is reached.…”

Section: Low-to-moderate-intensity Endurance Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part I)

Karageorghis

Priest

2012

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology

355

272

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Since a 1997 review by Karageorghis and Terry, which highlighted the state of knowledge and methodological weaknesses, the number of studies investigating musical reactivity in relation to exercise has swelled considerably. In this two-part review paper, the development of conceptual approaches and mechanisms underlying the effects of music are explicated (Part I), followed by a critical review and synthesis of empirical work (spread over Parts I and II). Pre-task music has been shown to optimise arousal, facilitate task-relevant imagery and improve performance in simple motoric tasks. During repetitive, endurance-type activities, self-selected, motivational and stimulative music has been shown to enhance affect, reduce ratings of perceived exertion, improve energy efficiency and lead to increased work output. There is evidence to suggest that carefully selected music can promote ergogenic and psychological benefits during high-intensity exercise, although it appears to be ineffective in reducing perceptions of exertion beyond the anaerobic threshold. The effects of music appear to be at their most potent when it is used to accompany self-paced exercise or in externally valid conditions. When selected according to its motivational qualities, the positive impact of music on both psychological state and performance is magnified. Guidelines are provided for future research and exercise practitioners.

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“…For example, music is often used by those taking part in recreational activity (Wininger & Pargman, 2003; Priest et al, 2004; Pazoki et al, 2007) and by patients recovering from a stroke or other cardiovascular problem and taking part in rehabilitation programs (Vollert et al, 2003; Metzger, 2004; Kim & Koh, 2005; Jeong & Kim, 2007; Mandel et al, 2007). Music has been used also by athletes during submaximal (Szmedra & Bacharach, 1998; Hayakawa et al, 2000; Potteiger et al, 2000; Nethery, 2002; Edworthy & Waring, 2006; Yamashita et al, 2006; Karageorghis et al, 2006a) and maximal (De Bourdeaudhuij et al, 2002; Atkinson et al, 2004; Tenenbaum et al, 2004; Crust, 2004a, b; Crust & Clough, 2006; Macone et al, 2006; Simpson & Karageorghis, 2006; Caria et al, 2007) exercise, as well as in their pre‐competition preparations (Bishop et al, 2007; Eliakim et al, 2007), to improve performance.…”

Section: Some Details Of the Music Tracksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Music could enable a particular workload to be more acceptable and perceived as less arduous, but it could also mean that individuals chose to do more work without an increased sense of effort. These effects are often considered to indicate that music acts as a “distractor,” reducing the individual's perception of the work, fatigue and discomfort that are involved (Nethery et al, 1991; Szabo et al, 1999; Potteiger et al, 2000; De Bourdeaudhuij et al, 2002; Nethery, 2002; Crust, 2004b; Edworthy & Waring, 2006; Yamashita et al, 2006), or that it enables individuals to accept a higher level of effort and discomfort (Atkinson et al, 2004; Yamashita et al, 2006). In contrast, if the work‐load is high enough then the individual's attention is directed to the painful effects of the exertion; attention cannot be focussed on the music and it becomes a negative distractor (Rejeski, 1985; Tenenbaum, 2001, 2005).…”

Section: Some Details Of the Music Tracksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of music tempo upon submaximal cycling performance

Waterhouse

Hudson

Edwards

2010

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

101

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In an in vivo laboratory controlled study, 12 healthy male students cycled at self-chosen work-rates while listening to a program of six popular music tracks of different tempi. The program lasted about 25 min and was performed on three occasions -unknown to the participants, its tempo was normal, increased by 10% or decreased by 10%. Work done, distance covered and cadence were measured at the end of each track, as were heart rate and subjective measures of exertion, thermal comfort and how much the music was liked. Speeding up the music program increased distance covered/unit time, power and pedal cadence by 2.1%, 3.5% and 0.7%, respectively; slowing the program produced falls of 3.8%, 9.8% and 5.9%. Average heart rate changes were 10.1% (faster program) and À 2.2% (slower program). Perceived exertion and how much the music was liked increased (faster program) by 2.4% and 1.3%, respectively, and decreased (slower program) by 3.6% and 35.4%. That is, healthy individuals performing submaximal exercise not only worked harder with faster music but also chose to do so and enjoyed the music more when it was played at a faster tempo. Implications of these findings for improving training regimens are discussed.

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Effects of Familiar and Unfamiliar Asynchronous Music on Treadmill Walking Endurance

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of music on arousal during imagery in elite shooters: A pilot study

Effects of music on arousal during imagery in elite shooters: A pilot study

Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part I)

Effects of music tempo upon submaximal cycling performance

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