Effects of Familiarity of Music on Vigilant Performance

Fontaine, C.W.; Schwalm, Norman D.

doi:10.2466/pms.1979.49.1.71

Cited by 62 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Moreover, organizational attempts to enforce a distraction-free or "sterile" environment may only exacerbate negative consequences of a boring environment. Banning radio listening and conversations, or limiting breaks has been shown to contribute to boredom [17,19,83], despite the fact that some of these secondary tasks can provide clear benefit, i.e., listening to music in a visual task can help to maintain sustained attention [84,85].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boredom and Distraction in Multiple Unmanned Vehicle Supervisory Control

Cummings¹,

Mastracchio²,

Thornburg³

et al. 2013

Interacting With Computers

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Operators currently controlling Unmanned Aerial Vehicles report significant boredom, and such systems will likely become more automated in the future. Similar problems are found in process control, commercial aviation, and medical settings. To examine the effect of boredom in such settings, a long duration low task load experiment was conducted. Three low task load levels requiring operator input every 10, 20, or 30 minutes were tested in a four-hour study using a multiple unmanned vehicle simulation environment that leverages decentralized algorithms for sometimes imperfect vehicle scheduling. Reaction times to system-generated events generally decreased across the four hours, as did participants' ability to maintain directed attention. Overall, participants spent almost half of the time in a distracted state. The top performer spent the majority of time in directed and divided attention states.Unexpectedly, the second-best participant, only 1% worse than the top performer, was distracted almost one third of the experiment, but exhibited a periodic switching strategy, allowing him to pay just enough attention to assist the automation when needed. Indeed, four of the five top performers were distracted more than one-third of the time. These findings suggest that distraction due to boring, low task load environments can be effectively managed through efficient attention switching. Future work is needed to determine optimal frequency and duration of attention state switches given various exogenous attributes, as well as individual variability. These findings have implications for the design of and personnel selection for supervisory control systems where operators monitor highly automated systems for long durations with only occasional or rare input.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boredom and Distraction in Multiple Unmanned Vehicle Supervisory Control

Cummings¹,

Mastracchio²,

Thornburg³

et al. 2013

Interacting With Computers

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“…Fontaine and Schwalm (1979) compared familiar and unfamiliar music with 35 subjects, and they found that familiar music can significantly increase heart rate. However, not all Muslims are accustomed to listening to Quran recitations with the melodies applied in this experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listening to the Quran Recitations: 'Does It Affect Psychophysiological Measures of Emotion?'

Zaidah¹,

Imaduddin²

2018

Proceedings of the 3rd ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2017)

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Abstract. This study was designed to examine the effect of listening to the Quran recitations based on different melodies on the psychophysiological measurements of emotion. The skin conductance and heart rate were measured as the physiological response; meanwhile, the mood and emotion scale were analysed as participant's psychological assessment.The experiment was conducted with 22 Indonesian postgraduate students studying from various programs who are Muslims. An individual experiment was carried out in the listening laboratory of the Music Department, The University of York. Four different recitations were delivered. Shimmer GSR unit was used to measure the skin conductance and heart rate. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Geneva Emotional Music Scale (GEMS), and some demographic questionnaire were also used.Findings show that three kinds of recitations had no significant impact on the skin conductance (recitation without melody, Hicazmaqam, and KurdiMaqam); however, the third recital (Rastmaqam) had a significant effect on the skin conductance (p< 0.05). There was no significant effect of all recitations on heart rate. The mood response mean, both before and after listening to all stimuli, also demonstrated no significant difference. However, there were significant differences on emotional assessment both before and after listening to each stimulus, and a significant difference on some emotion categories of the effect of listening to Quran recitations based on the different melody. The recitation without melody influenced a lower level of wonder, transcendence, power, tenderness, nostalgia, and peacefulness emotion categories, though it increased tension. The Hicazmaqam (second stimulus) had a significant effect on the transcendence emotion, but still affect a higher tension level. The Rastmaqam (third stimulus) influenced the peacefulness emotion significantly, and impact a lower level of tension. The Kurdimaqam (fourth stimulus) had no significant difference on the effect on all nine categories of emotion. The Rast maqam showed the most powerful outcome in this study. We recommend Rast maqam can be applied on Quran recitation therapy for tension treatments.

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“…Corham & Gounard [10] showed that rock music, which varies in its rhythm and intensity, may improve performance more than quieter and less variable pieces. However, Fontaine & Schwalm [11] believed that it is familiarity with music rather than the type that leads to increased vigilance and performance in laboratory tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of laryngeal mask airway insertion on the position of the internal jugular vein

et al. 1997

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SummaryA high-quality ultrasound system (Dyasonics Prisma) was used to study the effect of laryngeal mask airway insertion and cuff inflation on the position and relations of the internal jugular vein in eight healthy young patients undergoing elective surgery. On insertion of the laryngeal mask, with the cuff pre-inflated with 10 ml of air, some minor movement was discernible in the larynx. Neither the larynx nor surrounding structures changed significantly in position. However, on full inflation of the laryngeal mask cuff there was a more noticeable movement of the larynx, which visibly distended in an anterior direction. The mean anterior displacement was 0.8 cm (range 0.6-1.1 cm). There was no significant lateral displacement of the carotid artery or internal jugular vein and there was no significant compression of these structures. We conclude that in the presence of a laryngeal mask airway fixed landmarks such as the sternal notch and angle of the jaw should be used to identify the likely position of the internal jugular vein. Difficulty in cannulation may be experienced if the mobile laryngeal structures are used as landmarks. Since the introduction of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) into wide clinical practice, there has been a great expansion in its clinical applications. In addition to the routine management of the airway of the anaesthetised patient, its use has been suggested in the management of the difficult airway and during cardiopulmonary resuscitation by medical and nonmedical staff [1, 2]. It has also been used during anaesthesia for coronary artery bypass grafting [3]. Anecdotal experience suggests that the insertion of the LMA and inflation of its cuff can subsequently result in difficulty in placement of a cannula into the internal jugular vein.The position of the LMA in relation to the structures of the larynx has been studied radiologically [4]. When the cuff is inflated the thyroid, arytenoid and cricoid cartilages move anteriorly and the tissues overlying the larynx bulge slightly. Cricoid pressure may be impeded by the presence of a laryngeal mask [5] but there is no information on the effect of LMA insertion on the position or patency of either the internal jugular vein or carotid artery. The pressure exerted by the cuff of the LMA can be in the region of 80-110 mmHg [6], which would be sufficient to compress or distort the vein. If this is the case, information about the effect of LMA insertion on the position of the internal jugular vein would be invaluable in cases where its cannulation is contemplated and may reduce the incidence of complications.We therefore decided to study the effect of LMA insertion and cuff inflation on the position of the internal jugular vein using a high-quality ultrasound system (Diasonics Prisma). MethodsHaving obtained written informed consent and local ethics committee approval, we recruited eight patients undergoing elective surgery. These patients were all female, of ASA grade 1 or 2 and aged between 18 and 40 years. All patients had normal anatomy ...

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Effects of Familiarity of Music on Vigilant Performance

Cited by 62 publications

References 10 publications

Boredom and Distraction in Multiple Unmanned Vehicle Supervisory Control

Boredom and Distraction in Multiple Unmanned Vehicle Supervisory Control

Listening to the Quran Recitations: 'Does It Affect Psychophysiological Measures of Emotion?'

The effect of laryngeal mask airway insertion on the position of the internal jugular vein

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