Effects of feed formulation on feed manufacturing and pellet quality characteristics of poultry diets

Abstract

There is a wide array of factors, of which feed formulation is one, that can drastically affect both the quality of the feed produced as well as the parameters associated with the production of the feed in the mill. It has long been the practice in commercial broiler production to pellet the feed. It has been accepted at this point that feeding a diet with high quality pellets leads to better performance compared to the same diet with low quality pellets or in mash form. On the other hand, producing a high quality pellet is not the typical result in a large feed mill. In large mills, great quantities of feed must be produced in a short time frame and this is usually accomplished by running the mill at a high production rate and pelleting the diet through a relatively thin die. This usually results in decreased conditioning time and contact with the die for the diet, and consequently a lower quality pellet results, mainly because these are the two primary locations for the physiochemical reactions such as starch gelatinisation and protein denaturation that cause pellet binding. In this review we will discuss research pertaining to the use of different grains, by-products, minerals, pellet binders and most notably feedstuff constituents and their effects on both physical pellet quality as well as feed manufacturing variables such as energy usage and production rate when the data is available. The main focus will be given to research performed within the last decade. However, we have placed no restrictions on the research referenced based on publication date as there is always quality research with pertinent findings that have stood the test of time.

Quality assessment of corn batches received at a feed mill in the brazilian cerrado

“…Different results were obtained by Jost et al (1996), who did not find, for broilers, any MEn differences of corn stored during 60 days at 17.5% moisture, with or without the addition of organic acids. In the present study, year also influenced corn quality, probably due to climate changes and corn cultivars (Loar II & Corzo, 2011).…”

“…Several factors may affect both feed quality and feed mill feed manufacturing parameters (Loar & Corzo, 2011). The nutritional value of grains for poultry varies as a function of grain cultivar, its chemical characteristics and non-starch polysaccharide content, diet physical form, and bird category (Gutiérrez-Alamo et al, 2008).…”

Mutu Fisik Organoleptik Pelet Limbah Penetasan dengan Penambahan Bentonit dan Lama Penyimpanan yang Berbeda

“…Pati yang diberi perlakuan pemanasan akan mengalami proses gelatinisasi yang mampu merekatkan antar partikel bahan penyusun pelet. Loar & Corzo (2011) menjelaskan bahwa gelatinisasi terjadi apabila zat pati yang mengalami pemanasan dan kandungan air yang cukup akan mengalami kerusakan rantai penyusun awal dan apabila telah dingin akan membentuk rantai baru yang saling merekat. Abdollahi et al (2013) Tabel 3.…”

An evaluation of total starch and starch gelatinization methodologies in pelleted animal feed1

“…Corn and soybean meal are the primary ingredients used in swine diets (Loar and Corzo, 2011). Swine diets are commonly pelleted to improve handling characteristics, lessen feed wastage, and increase feed efficiency (Miller, 2012).…”

“…The pelleting process starts with feed in meal form and involves conditioning it with steam before pressing it through holes in a metal die to form cylindrical pellets, which are then cooled to retain their shape and allow moisture to evaporate for a longer shelf life. Many factors affect pellet quality, such as diet formulation, conditioning time, conditioning temperature, particle size of the meal feed, production rate, ambient temperature, specifications of the pellet die, and cooling processes (Loar and Corzo, 2011).…”