Effects of feeding copper and feed-grade antimicrobials on the growth performance of weanling pigs (2011)

Abstract

A total of 240 weanling pigs (34 d of age with an average body weight of 17.1 lb) were used in a 35-d growth trial to compare the growth performance effects of copper (Cu) and feed-grade antimicrobials. The 6 dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 Ã-3 facto-rial with 2 added Cu levels (basal level of 16.5 ppm or basal + 125 ppm from copper sulfate) and 3 antimicrobial treatments including a control, chlortetracycline (CTC; Alpharma, Fort Lee, NJ) at 500 g/ton (10 mg/kg BW), and tylosin (Tylan; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) at 100 g/ton. Each treatment had 8 pens with 5 pigs per pen. Treatments were allotted to pen in a randomized complete block design, with location within the barn serving as the blocking factor. Following the brief acclimatization period prior to starting the experiment (13 d), pigs were fed dietary treatments for 21 d followed by another 14 d on the control diet to examine any carryover effects. No significant copper Ã-antimicrobial interactions were observed (P > 0.07) for any pig performance response. From d 0 to 21, pharmacological Cu tended to increase (P < 0.07) both ADG and ADFI compared with pigs provided basal levels of Cu. Dietary CTC inclusion increased (P < 0.01) ADG and tended to improve (P < 0.09) ADFI and F/G over pigs not fed diets with CTC. Dietary Tylan did not alter (P > 0.19) ADG, ADFI, or F/G compared with pigs provided the control diets. From d 21 to 35, pigs that previously had received pharmacological Cu tended to have lower (P < 0.06) ADG compared with those never receiving pharmacological Cu. Also, pigs previously receiving Tylan had lower (P < 0.01) ADG than those never receiving Tylan. For the overall trial (d 0 to 35), adding Cu for the first 21 d had no impact (P > 0.32) on ADG, ADFI, or F/G. Similarly, Tylan did not influence (P > 0.30) pig performance. The benefits of CTC during the first 21 d led to a tendency for increased (P < 0.06) ADG and ADFI compared with those not receiving CTC. Overall, pharmacological Cu and antimicrobials may offer performance advantages when incorporated in nursery pig diets; however, that advantage will not increase and may be lost after Cu and/or antimicrobials are removed from diet.

Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 6: Macrolides: tilmicosin, tylosin and tylvalosin

“…Other three studies in weaned piglets showed that dietary tylosin supplementation at 100–110 mg/kg feed did not affect performance of piglets (Amachawadi et al. ( 2011 ), 100 mg tylosin/kg feed; Harvey et al. ( 1995 ) and Weber and Kerr ( 2008 ), 110 mg tylosin/kg feed).…”

“…Amachawadi et al. ( 2011 ) studied the effect of feed grade antimicrobials and copper on performance in pigs. A total of 240 weaned piglets (unspecified breed/genotype; 34 days of age with an average BW 7.7 kg) were used in a 35‐day growth trial to compare the effects of copper (Cu, from copper sulfate) and feed grade antimicrobials in a 2 × 3 factorial design (the factors being copper level 16.5 and 141.5 mg Cu/kg feed and antimicrobial level 0‐control or chlortetracycline or tylosin supplementation).…”

Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 12: Tetracyclines: tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline

“…( 2020 ) 440 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed; Amachawadi et al. ( 2011 ), 500 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed). Other three studies in weaned piglets showed that dietary chlortetracycline supplementation did not have a growth‐promoting effect in piglets at 75 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed (Long et al.…”

“…Dietary chlortetracycline supplementation (at 30 mg/kg feed) had a growth-promoting effect in pigs for fattening. Amachawadi et al (2011) studied in pigs the effect of feeding grade antimicrobials and copper on performance. A total of 240 weaned piglets (unspecified breed/genotype; 34 days of age, BW 7.7 kg) were used in a 35-day growth trial to compare the effects of copper (Cu, from copper sulfate) and feed grade antimicrobials in a 2 9 3 factorial design (the factors being copper level 16.5 and 141.5 mg Cu/kg feed and antimicrobial level 0 or chlortetracycline or tylosin supplementation).…”

“…In 19 studies in weaned piglets, dietary chlortetracycline supplementation at 40 to 500 mg/kg feed had growth-promoting/increase yield effects (Helm et al (2019), 40 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed; Jiang et al (2019), 50 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed; Stahly et al (1980), 55 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed; Feldpausch et al (2018), 55 and 441 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed; Song et al (2013), Ke et al (2014), Han et al (2018) and Ma et al (2019), 75 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed; Liu et al (2008) and Shen et al (2009), 80 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed; Choi et al (2011a,b) and Wang et al (2012), 100 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed; Thu et al (2011), Cha et al (2013 and Loh et al (2013), 300 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed; Williams et al (2018), 400 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed; Capps et al (2020) 440 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed; Amachawadi et al (2011), 500 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed). Other three studies in weaned piglets showed that dietary chlortetracycline supplementation did not have a growth-promoting effect in piglets at 75 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed (Long et al (2019) and Wang et al (2019)) or 150 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed (Zhao et al (2015)).…”