Effects of Feeding Deoxynivalenol (DON, Vomitoxin)-Contaminated Wheat to Female White Leghorn Chickens from Day Old Through Egg Production

Kubena, L. F.; Harvey, Roger B.; Corrier, D. E.; Huff, W. E.; Phillips, T. D.

doi:10.3382/ps.0661612

Cited by 62 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Increased relative gizzard weight was reported in Leghorn and broiler chickens administered 18 mg DON/kg of feed (18 ppm), but lesions were not described. 16,17 Proventriculitis with extensive glandular inflammation, as seen in field cases from Alabama, was not observed in this study. Mucosal changes, including epithelial and lymphocytic hyperplasia as in field cases, did occur in adenovirus-inoculated chickens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Gastrointestinal Pathogenicity of Adenoviruses and Reoviruses Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Alabama

Lenz

Hoerr

Ellis³

et al. 1998

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Adenoviruses and reoviruses isolated from commercial broiler chickens were evaluated for gastrointestinal pathogenicity in specific-pathogen-free Leghorn chickens. The viruses were originally isolated from either the proventriculus or a gastrointestinal pool of tissues of broiler chickens with proventriculitis or enteritis. Isolates were cloned by terminal dilution. Day-old chickens were inoculated by oral and ocular routes with undiluted tissue culture fluids (titers of 10 2 -10 4 TCID 50 /ml) and then examined at necropsy on days 5, 10, and 15 postinoculation. Chickens in all virus groups (but not the control group) developed wet, unformed fecal droppings that persisted for the duration of the study. Mild lesions occurred in reovirus-inoculated chickens and included hyperplasia of lymphocyte aggregates in various organs and mild gizzard erosions. Chickens inoculated with adenovirus isolates developed marked gizzard erosions and necrotizing pancreatitis as well as mild proventriculitis. Intranuclear viral inclusion bodies occurred in gizzard epithelium and pancreatic acinar cells at the sites of lesions. Lymphocytic atrophy occurred in the bursa of Fabricius. Respective viruses were reisolated from proventriculus and duodenum collected from chickens of each group; no viruses were isolated from controls. Under the conditions of this study, adenovirus isolates were more pathogenic than the reovirus isolates in the digestive system.Digestive system signs and lesions often are observed in broiler chickens submitted for laboratory evaluation because of impaired weight gain and feed conversion, feed passage, and watery feces. Various lesions have been identified in the proventriculus, gizzard, intestines, pancreas, and liver in the course of these investigations. Adenoviruses and reoviruses are commonly isolated from the affected viscera, particularly from the proventriculus and duodenum in birds with lesions in these organs.Digestive tract disease in broiler chickens in the southeastern United States has several causes and clinical and pathologic expressions. 7 Reoviruses have a causative link with digestive syndromes, but mainly these syndromes are caused by certain reovirus strains of high pathogenicity. 23 The role of adenoviruses in digestive disease of chickens is equivocal, 18 which has made it difficult to interpret virus isolation results from chickens with digestive system signs and lesions.The purpose of this study was to extend routine diagnostic investigation of digestive tract disease by attempting to assess the pathogenic potential of viral isolates in susceptible chickens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Gastrointestinal Pathogenicity of Adenoviruses and Reoviruses Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Alabama

Lenz

Hoerr

Ellis³

et al. 1998

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…The major toxicity of mycotoxins and their metabolites includes impaired performance (Chowdhury and Smith, 2004), cytotoxicity (Abid-Essefi et al, 2004), pathology to the liver and kidneys (Jiang et al, 2010), immunotoxicity (Taylor et al, 1989), estrogenic effects in gilts (Jiang et al, 2011), disturbed reproductive performance in sows (Young et al, 1990), and interference with nutrient absorption (Hunder et al, 1991). Researchers have reported that poultry were regarded as very resistant to Fusarium mycotoxins (Kubena et al, 1987;Swamy et al, 2004), and it has also been confirmed that these mycotoxins could preferentially affect the rapidly proliferating cells of the immune system of laying hens (Dänicke et al, 2002). However, no information is available on the negative effects of naturally contaminated diets (AFL, 102.08 mg/kg; ZEN,281.92 mg/kg;FUM,5,874.38 mg/kg;and DON,2,038.96 mg/ kg) in combinations on splenic mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines of broiler chickens so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins with or without yeast cell wall adsorbent on organ weight, serum biochemistry, and immunological parameters of broiler chickens

Yang

et al. 2012

Poultry Science

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The objectives of the present study were to investigate the toxicity of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins on organ weight, serum biochemistry, and immunological parameters of broiler chickens and to evaluate the efficacy of yeast cell wall adsorbent in preventing mycotoxin-induced adverse effects. In total, 300 one-day-old vaccinated (Marek's disease and infectious bronchitis) Arbor Acres broiler chickens (mixed sex) were randomly divided into 3 treatments (5 repetitions per treatment) and fed basal diet and naturally contaminated diets with or without yeast cell wall adsorbent. Treatments were control, naturally contaminated diet (NCD; aflatoxin, 102.08 mg/kg; zearalenone, 281.92 mg/kg; fumonisin, 5,874.38 mg/kg; deoxynivalenol, 2,038.96 mg/kg), and NCD + 2 g/kg of yeast cell wall adsorbent (NCDD). The test included 2 phases: d 0-21 and d 22-42. At 42 d, broilers fed contaminated diets without yeast cell wall adsorbent had higher (P < 0.05) serum albumin and higher relative weight of liver, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus, and greater splenic mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 at 42 d compared with the control, but lower (P < 0.05) serum globulin at 42 d, IgA at 21 d, relative weight of spleen at 21 d, antibody titers of Newcastle disease at both 28 d and 42 d, and splenic mRNA expression of IFN-γ at 42 d were observed in the NCD treatment compared with control. Dietary addition of yeast cell wall adsorbent in the NCD treatment showed a positive protection effect on the relative weight of the liver and spleen at 21 d, relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus at 42 d, antibody titers of Newcastle disease at both 28 d and 42 d, and splenic mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ at 42 d. It is suggested that feeding a naturally contaminated diet for 42 d might result in a deleterious effect in broiler chickens, and addition of 2 g/kg of yeast cell wall enterosorbent can partly neutralize the detrimental effects of the naturally contaminated feed.

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“…Hens fed corn-based diets containing 38 mg/kg DON did not exhibit any changes in feed consumption, weight gain or egg production (Moran et al, 1987). Kubena et al (1987a) reported no effects of naturally contaminated wheat-based diets containing 18 mg/kg DON fed from day one through laying phase on body weight of Leghorn chickens. Kubena et al (1987a) reported no effects of naturally contaminated wheat-based diets containing 18 mg/kg DON fed from day one through laying phase on body weight of Leghorn chickens.…”

Section: Fusarium Mycotoxicoses In Layersmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Serum uric acid decreased while γ-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities increased in laying Leghorns fed diets containing 18 mg/kg DON from hatching (Kubena et al, 1987a). Serum uric acid decreased while γ-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities increased in laying Leghorns fed diets containing 18 mg/kg DON from hatching (Kubena et al, 1987a).…”

Section: Fusarium Mycotoxicoses In Layersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparative aspects of Fusarium mycotoxicoses in poultry fed diets containing naturally contaminated grains

Girgis

Smith

2010

World's Poultry Science Journal

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Fusarium mycotoxins are structurally diverse chemically distinct groups of fungal metabolites which are prevalent globally. Economically important Fusarium mycotoxins include trichothecenes, zearalenone and fumonisins. Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin), and its acetylated forms, are the most commonly encountered trichothecenes in grains used for poultry feeds. Early experiments, conducted for short periods or using single purified compounds, showed that poultry were resistant to DON. More recent experiments, utilising naturally contaminated grains fed to poultry for extended durations, have shown that combinations of Fusarium mycotoxins pose significant risks to poultry performance and health. Turkeys appear to be more sensitive to Fusarium mycotoxicoses than chickens, while ducks have proven to be the most resistant poultry species. This review discusses various aspects of mycotoxicoses in poultry fed diets containing grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins.

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Effects of Feeding Deoxynivalenol (DON, Vomitoxin)-Contaminated Wheat to Female White Leghorn Chickens from Day Old Through Egg Production

Cited by 62 publications

References 20 publications

Gastrointestinal Pathogenicity of Adenoviruses and Reoviruses Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Alabama

Gastrointestinal Pathogenicity of Adenoviruses and Reoviruses Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Alabama

Effects of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins with or without yeast cell wall adsorbent on organ weight, serum biochemistry, and immunological parameters of broiler chickens

Comparative aspects of Fusarium mycotoxicoses in poultry fed diets containing naturally contaminated grains

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