Effects of feeding diet contaminated with deoxynivalenol on plasma chemistry in growing broiler chickens and the efficacy of glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of modified glucomannan (Mycosorb®) on plasma chemistry of broiler chicks after deoxynivalenol (DON) inclusion in the diet from hatching to 6 weeks of age. Three groups of broiler chicks were formed with 14 birds in each group. The three diets included control (0.2 ppm deoxynivalenol), deoxynivalenol-contaminated (3 ppm deoxynivalenol) and deoxynivalenol- contaminated (3 ppm deoxynivalenol) plus Mycosorb®(2 g/kg diet). After 6 weeks of feeding all birds were sacrificed and blood samples for chemical analyses were collected. Serum calcium and alanine aminotransferase activity were significantly elevated and magnesium, total protein, triglycerides and free glycerol were decreased in chicks fed deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet compared with those fed the control diet. Inclusion of Mycosorb®in the diet decreased plasma alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities and reversed plasma levels of magnesium, triglycerides, free glycerol and total protein in chicks induced by dietary deoxynivalenol. Chloride level was not affected by diets. The inclusion of Mycosorb® to DONcontaminated diet, however, did not prevent or alleviate toxic effect on calcium metabolism. Supplementation of modified glucomannan Mycosorb® counteracted most of the plasma parameter alterations caused by deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet in chicks

Biomarkers of Deoxynivalenol Toxicity in Chickens with Special Emphasis on Metabolic and Welfare Parameters

“…The increased level of triglycerides might be related to lipid metabolism alteration and or to biliary obstruction [ 58 ]. These results are in contrast with the previous and actual findings which observed decreased cholesterol and triglycerides levels in broilers [ 19 , 27 , 64 , 68 , 89 , 90 ]. This is in agreement with the meta-analysis report of Andretta et al [ 94 ] indicating that broilers fed challenged mycotoxins (T2, FBs, DON, OTA, and ZEN) had lower total cholesterol (−14 %) and lower triglycerides (−39 %) compared to negative control birds.…”

“…Regarding biochemical parameters reflecting protein metabolism, it has been described that the total plasma protein and albumin levels of chickens fed a contaminated diet with 2.95 mg DON/kg feed during 2 weeks of exposure were decreased compared to control [ 88 ]. The reduction of total protein level after feeding DON to broilers was observed also in previous reports [ 27 , 89 , 90 ]. This decrease could be the result of protein and DNA synthesis inhibition induced by DON [ 14 ].…”

“…ALP and AST activities increased in broilers exposed to 2.95 mg DON/kg feed for the second last week of the trial [ 88 ]. Faixová et al [ 89 , 90 ] showed an elevation of serum ALT activity in broilers exposed to 3 mg DON/kg feed for 6 weeks. However, broilers fed DON (10 mg/kg) for 35 days had lower ALT [ 58 ].…”

Impact of Chronic Levels of Naturally Multi-Contaminated Feed with Fusarium Mycotoxins on Broiler Chickens and Evaluation of the Mitigation Properties of Different Titers of Yeast Cell Wall Extract

“…In contrast, other research showed that a challenge by AFB1, ochratoxin, zearalenone and T-2 toxin reduced AST at 21 days but failed to characterize any significant impact when observed at 35 days [4]. Furthermore, a diet containing only the Fusarium mycotoxin DON at 3 mg/kg fed over 42 days did not impact measured blood metabolites [23]. Taking these trials into account, along with our current research, it may be concluded that AFB1 has a stronger influence on blood metabolites than Fusarium type mycotoxins, especially as AFB1 tends to target liver metabolism more strongly.…”

“…A similar effect of product inclusion was observed by Vartiainen et al [10], where broilers fed ochratoxin A (OTA) at 0.1 mg/kg feed had increased OTA deposition in the liver that was numerically lowered with inclusion of 2.0 kg/ton of the YCWE, and significantly reduced with inclusion of 4.0 kg/ton YCWE to the ration. Conversely, the inclusion of 0.2% glucomannan polymer to a turkey diet containing Fusarium mycotoxin over 21 days was enough to significantly improve duodenum villus height [23]. The researchers in the latter trial did not investigate an inclusion of 0.4%, so the difference between product inclusion cannot be determined in that case.…”