Effects of feeding diets containing distillers' dried grains with solubles and wheat middlings with equal predicted dietary net energy on growth performance and carcass composition of growing–finishing pigs1

Abstract

This experiment evaluated the effects of feeding distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and wheat middlings (WM) in diets with similar estimated NE content on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. Pigs ( = 384; 29.1 ± 3.6 kg initial BW) were blocked by initial BW, and within blocks, pens were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (8 pigs/pen and 12 replicates/treatment) in a 4-phase feeding program (29 to 50, 50 to 75, 75 to 100, and 100 to 120 kg BW). Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design and formulated to consist of: 1) corn and soybean meal (CON), 2) CON with 30% DDGS, 3) CON with 15% WM, and 4) CON with 30% DDGS and 15% WM. Diets met or exceeded nutrient requirements published by the and were formulated to contain the same concentrations of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys and meet or exceed minimum SID AA to Lys ratios within phases. No significant interactions for DDGS × WM × phase or DDGS × WM were observed for all growth performance criteria. Pigs fed diets containing 30% DDGS had reduced ( < 0.05) ADFI (1.76 vs. 1.86 kg/d) and ADG (0.85 vs. 0.91 kg/d) compared with pigs fed diets with no DDGS in phase 1 but not in other phases. The G:F of pigs fed diets containing DDGS was not different during phase 1 to 3 but was greater ( < 0.01) in phase 4 (0.313 vs. 0.291) compared with that of pigs fed diets with no DDGS. Pigs fed diets containing 15% WM had similar ADFI and G:F but reduced ( < 0.05) ADG (0.86 vs. 0.90 kg/d) compared with pigs fed diets without WM in phase 1, but no difference in ADG was observed in phases 2 to 4. No DDGS × WM interaction was observed for carcass traits. Pigs fed diets containing 30% DDGS had reduced ( < 0.01) HCW (86.5 vs. 89.9 kg), carcass yield (72.3 vs. 73.6%), LM area (45.0 vs. 47.9 cm), and percentage of carcass fat-free lean (52.1 vs. 53.4%), but backfat depth was not affected compared with pigs fed diets with no DDGS. Pigs fed diets containing 15% WM had lower carcass yield (72.7 vs. 73.1%; < 0.05) and HCW (87.7 vs. 88.7 kg; < 0.10) than pigs fed diets with no addition of WM, but other carcass traits were not affected. In conclusion, overall ADG and G:F were not affected by feeding 30% DDGS or 15% WM when diets were formulated on the NE basis, but more accurate and dynamic estimation of NE content for DDGS sources is needed to optimize caloric efficiency at different physiological ages of pigs.

Metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance estimated by regression analysis of body weight gain or metabolizable energy intake in growing pigs

“…The ADG in the present study was 773 g/d at the 100% feeding level, whereas ADG in previous studies ranged from 560 to 900 g/d [29–31]. The ADG improved as the feeding level increased.…”

Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles on amino acid digestibility, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing pigs1

“…The observation that wheat DDGS did not affect dressing percentage is in contrast with Thacker (2006) who reported that 25% wheat DDGS reduced dressing percentage. The lack of an impact of wheat DDGS subcutaneous fat depth is in agreement with observations from studies with corn DDGS ( Whitney et al, 2006 ; Wu et al, 2016 ). Rate of glycolysis postmortem is linked to incidence of PSE meat with an increased risk associated with a rapid pH decline postmortem.…”

Effect of diet type and added copper on growth performance, carcass characteristics, energy digestibility, gut morphology, and mucosal mRNA expression of finishing pigs

“…These values are within the acceptable analytical limits according to the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO, 2014), given 17 mg/kg of Cu was provided by the trace mineral premix and the Cu provided by other ingredients used in formulation. For diet characteristics, the by-product diet decreased bulk density of the diet by an average of 7.4% compared to the corn-soy diet, which is similar to others whom fed diets containing 30% or more of by-product ingredients (Wang et al, 2007, Asmus et al, 2014Wu et al, 2016).…”

“…Added Cu did not increase HCW or HCW ADG, which is not consistent with previous research completed by Coble et al (2017). However, the reduction in HCW and carcass yield for pigs fed the by-product diet compared to those fed the cornsoy diet is consistent with most published literature (Asmus et al, 2014;Graham et al, 2014b;Wu et al, 2016). By-product ingredients generally contain high amounts of dietary fiber and have a low bulk density, which increases gut fill and weight in the large intestine (Turlington, 1984;Asmus et al, 2014).…”