Effects of feeding frequency on growth performance, feed intake, metabolism and expression of fgf21 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Effect of Feeding Common Carp with Different Quantities of a Certified Commercial Feed on Haematological Parameters, Blood Indicators and Cortisol Hormone Levels

“…regarding the decrease in cholesterol in the experiment, increased feeding frequency may lead to more efficient nutrient absorption, reduced storage of cholesterol in the body, and less time spent by fish in a fasting state. this is consistent with the findings of [14]. one study found that feeding carp with higher levels of fat improved growth rate and feed conversion efficiency, indicating that triglycerides may have a positive effect on the feeding habits and appetite of common carp, leading to increased feeding rates and better nutrient absorption [16].…”

“…The cortisol level decreased significantly in the first treatment (540.20) compared to treatments T6 and T5 (894.80 and 1165.80, respectively) in Table (2). Several studies have examined the effect of nutrition on cholesterol levels in fish, and these studies have confirmed that increased feeding can elevate cholesterol levels in fish [14]. conducted a study on the effect of different feeding frequencies (2 and 3 times a day) on lipid metabolism in tilapia fish.…”

New indices for the diagnosis of fish welfare and their application to the grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) reared in earthen ponds

“…The type, quantity and quality of food are directly related to the amount of energy consumed by the fish and, consequently, to the energy available for their growth (Cui et al, 1994). Feeding frequency is a crucial factor in determining feed intake and affects fish appetite control, nutrient utilization, feed conversion rate (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) achieved in the aquaculture farm (Haina Amin et al, 2018; Nekoubin & Sudagar, 2012; Wu et al, 2021). Finally, the food distribution area is related to a feature of fish feeding behaviour reflected in the movement patterns (horizontal and vertical) of individuals in the pond (Li et al, 2020) and their access to food.…”

FGF21 Improves Glycolipid Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed a High-Carbohydrate Diet by Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses and Activating Autophagy

“…Specifically, only four studies were undertaken on fish FGF21. The expression of fgf21 in grass carp and zebrafish has been found to be correlated with food intake. , Furthermore, exogenous recombinant FGF21 suppressed appetite in Asian sea bass, and fgf21 overexpression in swamp eel protected against glucose stress . Rainbow trout is a valuable fish that is widely farmed, but the mechanisms regulating glycolipid metabolism have not been thoroughly investigated as a representative of “glucose intolerance” fish.…”