Effects of feeding high-protein corn distillers dried grains and a mycotoxin mitigation additive on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork fat quality of growing–finishing pigs1

Abstract

Two experiments investigated the effects of feeding diets containing 30% of novel high-protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG) sources to growing–finishing pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork fat quality. A four-phase feeding program was used in both experiments, and diets within phases were formulated based on National Research Council (NRC; 2012) recommendations for metabolizable energy and standardized ileal digestible amino acid content of HP-DDG. In Exp. 1, a total of 144 pigs (body weight [BW] = 20.3 ± 1.6 kg) were fed either corn-soybean meal control diets (CON) or 30% HP-DDG diets (HP-DDG) containing 0.7 mg/kg deoxynivalenol (DON), 0.1 mg/kg fumonisins (FUM), and 56 μg/kg zearalenone (ZEA) for 8 wk. On week 9, a mycotoxin mitigation additive (MA) was added to CON and HP-DDG diets, resulting in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of: CON, CON + MA, HP-DDG, and HP-DDG + MA. Pigs fed HP-DDG had lower (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared with those fed CON during the first 8 wk. After MA was added to diets, pigs fed HP-DDG diets without MA had lower (P < 0.05) overall ADG than those fed HP-DDG + MA and less (P < 0.05) final BW than pigs fed CON or CON + MA. Adding MA to HP-DDG diets containing relatively low concentrations of mycotoxins was effective in restoring growth performance comparable to feeding CON. In Exp. 2, a different source of HP-DDG was used, and mycotoxin MAs were added to all diets at the beginning of the trial. A total of 144 pigs (BW = 22.7 ± 2.3 kg) were fed either a corn-soybean meal control diet or a 30% HP-DDG diet containing 0.5 mg/kg DON and 0.8 mg/kg FUM for 16 wk. Pigs fed HP-DDG diets had less (P < 0.01) final BW and ADG than pigs fed CON, but there were no differences in ADFI. Feeding the HP-DDG diets reduced (P < 0.01) hot carcass weight, carcass yield, longissimus muscle area (LMA), and percentage of carcass fat-free lean compared with pigs fed CON but did not affect backfat (BF) depth. Pigs fed HP-DDG had less (P < 0.01) saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content and greater (P < 0.01) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and iodine value in BF than pigs fed CON. These results suggest that feeding diets containing relatively low concentrations of co-occurring mycotoxins can be detrimental to growth performance, and the addition of MA alleviated the growth reduction. Feeding 30% HP-DDG reduced BW, ADG, carcass yield, LMA, and percentage of fat-free lean of growing–finishing pigs but yielded acceptable pork fat quality.

A systems approach to evaluate nitrogen utilization efficiency and environmental impacts of swine growing-finishing feeding programs in U.S. pork production systems

“…For example, the NE system is more accurate than the metabolizable energy system because it minimizes overestimation of energy utilization in high-fiber ingredients and in low CP diets ( Shurson et al, 2021 ). Results from recent studies ( Cemin et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2020 ) have indicated that estimates of NE and SID of AA in SBM and DDGS provided by the NRC (2012) may be underestimated. Therefore, NE and SID amino acid values for corn, SBM, and DDGS were dynamically estimated using prediction equations and chemical composition data from analysis for the specific ingredient sources used, rather than static published values from NRC (2012) , when formulating diets in this study.…”

Corn distillers dried grains with solubles: Production, properties, and potential uses

“…This helped to improve weight gain and feed intake in pigs. The inclusion of the high protein DDG in the pig feed negatively impacted growth performance while enhancing the pork fat (Yang et al., 2020).…”

Determination of in vitro dry matter, protein, and fiber digestibility and fermentability of novel corn coproducts for swine and ruminants

“…Early attempts to use front-end fractionation technologies resulted in high-protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG) with much different nutrient profiles ( Widmer et al, 2007 ; Kim et al, 2009 ; Jacela et al, 2010 ; Anderson et al, 2012 ; NRC, 2012 ) and greater CP content (~50% on a DM basis; NRC, 2012 ) than current technologies ( U.S. Grain Council, 2018 ) being used to produce HP-DDG ( Rho et al, 2017 ; Espinosa and Stein, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2019 , 2020 ) which contain about 36–45% CP (DM basis). In addition, other new process technologies have been implemented to produce high-protein coproducts containing 45–55% CP and about 25–28% spent yeast, which is about 2.5 times greater than the estimated yeast content in conventional DDGS ( Shurson, 2018 ).…”

“…In addition, other new process technologies have been implemented to produce high-protein coproducts containing 45–55% CP and about 25–28% spent yeast, which is about 2.5 times greater than the estimated yeast content in conventional DDGS ( Shurson, 2018 ). Although a few studies have been conducted to evaluate nutrient digestibility and feeding value of HP-DDG and other emerging coproducts for swine ( Rho et al, 2017 ; Espinosa and Stein, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2019 , 2020 ; Cristobal et al, 2020 ), limited studies have been conducted to determine ruminal degradation characteristics of DM and CP from feeding various HP-DDG coproducts for ruminants ( Lee et al, 2016 ). The limited number of published ruminant studies is presumably because these new coproducts are more applicable and have potentially greater value in more energy and nutrient dense swine, poultry, and aquaculture diets than in ruminant diets.…”