Effects of Feeding Micronized and Extruded Flaxseed on Ruminal Fermentation and Nutrient Utilization by Dairy Cows

Gonthier, C.; Mustafa, A. F.; Berthiaume, R.; Petit, H.V.; Martineau, R.; Ouellet, D.R.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73343-3

Cited by 92 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…According to Martin et al (2008), feeding flaxseed has no negative effect on DM intake and milk yield due to a slow release of fatty acids in the rumen fluid as compared to when flaxseed is fed extruded or as oil. In the present experiment, cows fed the highest level of flaxseed tended to have lower digestibility of DM and N. Decreases (Martin et al, 2008), increases (Gonthier et al, 2004) or no effect (Doreau et al, 2009a) of flaxseed supplementation on digestibility of nutrients by dairy cows have been reported. Martin et al (2008) concluded that the amount of added lipids and their form of presentation (oil v. seed) are major determining factors for the negative effect of flaxseed fatty acids on digestibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Concentration of the mammalian lignans enterolactone and enterodiol in milk of cows fed diets containing different concentrations of whole flaxseed

Petit

Gagnon

2009

Animal

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A total of 32 lactating Holstein cows with mean body weight of 622 kg (s.e. 5 24) were allotted, at week 25 of lactation, to eight groups of four cows blocked for similar days in milk. The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of feeding four dietary concentrations (0, 50, 100 or 150 g/kg of dry matter) of whole flaxseed, which contains the plant lignan precursor secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), on concentrations of two mammalian lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone) in milk. The effects of the four diets on feed intake, milk production, milk composition and digestion were also studied. Cows within each block were assigned to one of the four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic total mixed diets and the experiment was carried out from week 25 to 29 of lactation. Diets were fed for ad libitum intake. Enterolactone was the mammalian lignan, of the two metabolites studied, detected in the milk of cows and its concentration in milk tended (P 5 0.08) to increase linearly with higher intake of SDG in the diet. Feed intake, milk yield and milk composition were similar among diets. Milk fatty acid profile was slightly improved by feeding flaxseed, as shown by higher concentrations of fatty acids (e.g. n-3) recognized as being beneficial for human health. Those results suggest that feeding of whole flaxseed may result in changes in milk fatty acid composition and enterolactone content, which offer benefits for consumers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Concentration of the mammalian lignans enterolactone and enterodiol in milk of cows fed diets containing different concentrations of whole flaxseed

Petit

Gagnon

2009

Animal

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“…The application of heat treatment to oilseeds such as flaxseed can protect dietary polyunsaturated FA from ruminal BH by denaturing the protein matrix surrounding the fat droplets, thus reducing the access of ruminal bacteria to dietary fat (Kennelly 1996). In a previous study we found that feeding micronized relative to extruded flaxseed to dairy cows decreased (P < 0.05) ruminal and increased (P < 0.05) post-ruminal digestibility of dry matter (DM), fiber and total fatty acids (Gonthier et al 2004). However, the effects of heat treatment on ruminal BH and digestibility of FA from flaxseed have not been determined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding micronized and extruded flaxseed to dairy cows: Effects on digestion and ruminal biohydrogenation of long-chain fatty acids

Gonthier¹,

Mustafa²,

Berthiaume³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Four lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square study to determine the effects of feeding micronized and extruded flaxseed on ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) and digestibility of fatty acids (FA) in the gastrointestinal tract. Four diets were formulated: a control diet with no flaxseed (C); a raw flaxseed diet (RF); a micronized flaxseed diet (MF); and an extruded flaxseed diet (EF). Flaxseed diets contained 126 g kg -1 flaxseed (dry matter basis). Experimental periods (n = 4) consisted of 21 d of diet adaptation and 7 d of data collection. Flaxseed supplementation increased (P < 0.05) intake of individual long-chain FA, reduced (P < 0.05) ruminal BH of total unsaturated C 18 , and increased (P < 0.05) duodenal flow of individual long-chain FA except for C 18:2 . Feeding flaxseed increased (P < 0.05) post-ruminal digestibility of C 18:1 , C 18:2, and C 18:3 and total tract digestibility of C 16:0 , C 18:2, C 18:3 , and of total long-chain FA. Heat treatment had no effect on ruminal BH, duodenal flow and digestibility of unsaturated FA. Ruminal BH of C 18:3 was higher (P < 0.05), while the duodenal flow of C 18:3 was lower (P < 0.05) for cows fed EF than for those fed MF. Intake and duodenal flow of C 16:0 were higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed MF relative to those fed EF. It was concluded that inclusion of flaxseed in dairy cow diets increased duodenal flow of polyunsaturated FA. However, heat treatments were not effective in protecting unsaturated FA from ruminal BH. . Les rations contenaient 126 g de graines de lin par kg (poids de la matière sèche). Les expériences (n = 4) ont duré 21 jours pour l'adaptation au régime plus 7 jours pour la collecte des données. Le supplément de graines de lin augmente (P < 0,05) l'absorption des AG à chaîne longue, diminue (P < 0,05) la BH des C 18 insaturés et accroît (P < 0,05) le passage des AG à chaîne longue dans le duodénum sauf les C 18:2 . Les graines de lin augmentent (P < 0,05) la digestibilité des C 18:1 , des C 18:2 et des C 18:3 après leur passage dans le rumen et la digestibilité globale des C 16:0 , des C 18:2 , des C 18:3 ainsi que des AG totaux à chaîne longue dans l'ensemble du tractus. Le conditionnement thermique n'a aucune incidence sur la BH dans le rumen, sur le débit du duodénum ni sur la digestibilité des AG insaturés. Les vaches recevant du LE présentaient une meilleure BH des C 18:3 dans le rumen (P < 0,05), mais aussi un ralentissement du passage des C 18:3 dans le duodénum (P < 0,05) comparativement à celles nourries avec du LM. Le taux d'ingestion et le débit des C 16:0 dans le duodénum sont plus élevés (P < 0,05) chez les vaches nourries de LM que chez celles recevant du LE. On en conclut qu'inclure des graines de lin à la ration des vaches laitières accélère le passage des AG polyinsaturés dans le duodénum. Toutefois, le conditionnement thermique ne permet pas de protéger les AG insaturés de la BH dans le rumen. Mots clés:Lin, bio-hydrogénation dans le rumen, acides gras, conditionnement thermi...

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“…The differences decreased after the morning meal and reversed 9 hours later, and the ammonia concentration decreased by 75% at the same time. Gonthier et al (2004) observed small decrease in ammonia production during ruminal fermentation after the addition of flax seeds. On the other hand, a slightly higher concentration of NH 3 in cow rumen was found by Beauchemin et al (2009) after the addition of flax seeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Available literature is scant in information about effect of flax seeds on fermentation processes in the caecum of the rabbit. The effect of flax seeds on the profile of microbiological fermentation in the cow rumen was studied by Gonthier et al (2004). The researchers observed decrease in the molar proportion of acetic acid and an increase of propionic acid in flaxseed-fed animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A slight decrease in pH values was observed after the addition of flax seeds to fermented caecal contents; similarly as in Chen and Li (2008) studies after the addition of soybean oil. A very small decrease in pH under the influence of flax seeds was observed during ruminal fermentation (Gonthier et al 2004, Beauchemin et al 2009). Beauchemin et al (2009) found a slightly higher decrease of pH value after the addition of sunflower seeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of Linola and W92/72 transgenic flax seeds on the rabbit caecal fermentation - in vitro study

Miśta¹,

Króliczewska²,

Zawadzki³

et al. 2011

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The effect of W92/72 transgenic flax seeds taken from a variety of Linola on the production of SCFA, ammonia and methane by bacteria inhabiting rabbit caecum was studied. The in vitro method was used where caecal contents from rabbits was incubated with W92/72 transgenic or Linola flax seeds, or without any additives (control samples).The total concentration of SCFA was higher in samples with the addition of flax seeds than in the control samples. The increase in concentrations of acetic, propionic and butyric acids was the highest in samples with Linola seeds added. A higher percentage of propionic and butyric acids was observed in the contents incubated with addition of flax seeds as compared to the control samples. This increase was the result of a percentage decrease in acetic acid. No differences were observed in the concentration of ammonia between fermented samples. Moreover, the addition of flax seeds resulted in slight decrease of pH in incubated samples. In gas samples, the methane level was higher in samples with flax seeds added, although the highest level was found in samples with transgenic seeds.In addition, gas pressure was significantly higher in samples with flax seeds added as compared to control samples, and this may indicate a higher intensity of microbiological fermentation processes. These studies suggest that neither Linola nor W92/72 flax seeds have any unfavorable effect on the caecal microflora activity of rabbits. A beneficial influence of flax seeds on the microbiological fermentation process in rabbit caecum was observed, based on an increase in percentage ratio of propionic acid in samples with flax seeds added.

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Effects of Feeding Micronized and Extruded Flaxseed on Ruminal Fermentation and Nutrient Utilization by Dairy Cows

Cited by 92 publications

References 44 publications

Concentration of the mammalian lignans enterolactone and enterodiol in milk of cows fed diets containing different concentrations of whole flaxseed

Concentration of the mammalian lignans enterolactone and enterodiol in milk of cows fed diets containing different concentrations of whole flaxseed

Feeding micronized and extruded flaxseed to dairy cows: Effects on digestion and ruminal biohydrogenation of long-chain fatty acids

The effect of Linola and W92/72 transgenic flax seeds on the rabbit caecal fermentation - in vitro study

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