“…This exotic pest was inadvertently introduced into the U.S.A. from South America about 75 years ago. Since that time, it has spread throughout the southern states in the U.S.A. S. invicta is of profound economic importance in the U.S.A. because: 1) it is an aggressive stinging insect causing mass envenomation incidents and hypersensitivity reactions in humans, 2) it occurs primarily in human-modified habitats, 3) it constructs large mounds that are unsightly and capable of damaging farm machinery, 4) it feeds on several important cultivated plants and tends homopterans that are also plant pests, and 5) it negatively affects populations of native ants and other ground-dwelling animals (Lofgren et al, 1975;Lofgren, 1986;Porter and Savignano, 1990;Allen et al, 1994Allen et al, , 1998Allen et al, , 2000Allen et al, , 2001Vinson, 1994Vinson, , 1997Giuliano et al, 1996;Carroll and Hoffman, 2000;Gotelli and Arnett, 2000;Kaspari, 2000;Kemp et al, 2000;Kopachena et al, 2000;Eubanks, 2001;Forys et al, 2001;Wojcik et al, 2001;Morrison, 2002). These pest attributes of S. invicta presumably are attributable largely to the fact that the introduced populations have almost none of the competitors and natural enemies that normally act to suppress their populations, with the effect that population densities in the U.S.A. are orders of magnitude greater than in the native South American range (Porter et al, 1992(Porter et al, , 1997Morrison, 2000).…”