Effects of Flavanols on Enteroendocrine Secretion

Avocado paste (AP) is a phenolic‐rich byproduct of avocado oil extraction. The effects of sub‐chronic consumption of diets supplemented with an AP phenolic extract (PE) were analyzed. A standard diet (SD), high‐fat diet (HFD), and these supplemented with PE (SD + PE and HFD + PE) were used. Significantly increased satiety was observed in PE‐supplemented groups, according to less food consumption (−15% in SD + PE vs. SD, and −11% in HFD + PE vs. HFD), without changes in weight gain or percentage of adipose tissue. PE‐supplemented groups had an increased plasma concentration ( + 16% in SD + PE vs. SD, and +26% in HFD + PE vs. HFD) and relative mRNA expression (+74% in SD + PE vs. SD, and +46% in HFD + PE vs. HFD) of GLP‐1; an increase in plasma leptin and adiponectin was independent of their mRNA expression. Our results suggest that AP‐derived PE exerts a satiety effect in vivo, possibly mediated by GLP‐1, leptin, and adiponectin. Practical applications Minimizing food waste is a top priority in most of the world, thus, researchers seek methods to reintroduce industrial fruit and vegetable byproducts into the food processing chain. The present work highlights the potential of avocado byproducts as sources of bioactive phenolic compounds, whose sub‐chronic consumption (8 weeks) exerts a satiety action in vivo. Avocado farming is resource‐intensive, making it of relevance to producers and processing industries to avoid discarding its byproducts as much as possible.

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“…Grau‐Bove et al. (2020) showed that a proanthocyanidin‐rich grape seed extract‐induced GLP‐1 secretion in an ex vivo model. Domae et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub‐chronic consumption of a phenolic‐rich avocado paste extract induces GLP‐1‐, leptin‐, and adiponectin‐mediated satiety in Wistar rats

et al. 2021

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“…Samples were obtained from the human ascending and descending colon and processed as previously described [ 43 ], using the healthy margin of the mucosae near the fragment that is excised from colon cancer patients who require colectomy. These procedures were conducted at the Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII in Tarragona, Spain.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLP1 Exerts Paracrine Activity in the Intestinal Lumen of Human Colon

Grau-Bové

González-Quilen

Cantini

et al. 2022

IJMS

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GLP1 produced in the upper part of the gut is released after food intake and acts by activating insulin secretion, but the role of GLP1 in the colon, where it is predominantly produced, remains unknown. Here we characterized the apical versus basolateral secretion of GLP1 and PYY and the paracrine mechanisms of action of these enterohormones in the human colon. We stimulated human colon tissue in different ex vivo models with meat peptone and we used immunofluorescence to study the presence of canonical and non-canonical receptors of GLP1. We found that PYY and GLP1 are secreted mainly at the gut lumen in unstimulated and stimulated conditions. We detected DPP4 activity and found that GLP1R and GCGR are widely expressed in the human colon epithelium. Unlike GLP1R, GCGR is not expressed in the lamina propria, but it is located in the crypts of Lieberkühn. We detected GLP1R expression in human colon cell culture models. We show that the apical secretion of PYY and GLP1 occurs in humans, and we provide evidence that GLP1 has a potential direct paracrine function through the expression of its receptors in the colon epithelium, opening new therapeutic perspectives in the use of enterohormones analogues in metabolic pathologies.

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“…A cell experiment showed that CCK peptide hormone secretion from enteroendocrine STC-1 cells was stimulated by quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, apigenin and baicalein [88]. Another study indicated that catechin/epicatechin increases CCK secretion [89].To sum up, a number of studies confirmed that flavonoids are able to modulate GLP-1/2, Ghrelin, PYY and CCK levels; however, very little is currently known on flavonoids regulating other enterohormones.…”

Section: Flavonoids Regulate the Enteroendocrine Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Pathway of Flavonoids Protecting against Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Modulating Enteroendocrine System

Weigmann

2022

Metabolites

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a comprehensive term for chronic or relapsing inflammatory diseases occurring in the intestinal tract, generally including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Presently, the pathogenesis of IBD is unknown, yet multiple factors have been reported to be related with the development of IBD. Flavonoids are phytochemicals with biological activity, which are ubiquitously distributed in edible plants, such as fruits and vegetables. Recent studies have demonstrated impressively that flavonoids have anti-IBD effects through multiple mechanisms. These include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions; the preservation of the epithelial barrier integrity, the intestinal immunomodulatory property, and the shaping microbiota composition and function. In addition, a few studies have shown the impact of flavonoids on enterohormones release; nonetheless, there is hardly any work showing the link between flavonoids, enterohormones release and IBD. So far, the interaction between flavonoids, enterohormones and IBD is elucidated for the first time in this review. Furthermore, the inference can be drawn that flavonoids may protect against IBD through modulating enterohormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), GLP-2, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors), ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK). In conclusion, this manuscript explores a possible mechanism of flavonoids protecting against IBD.

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Effects of Flavanols on Enteroendocrine Secretion

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

Sub‐chronic consumption of a phenolic‐rich avocado paste extract induces GLP‐1‐, leptin‐, and adiponectin‐mediated satiety in Wistar rats

Sub‐chronic consumption of a phenolic‐rich avocado paste extract induces GLP‐1‐, leptin‐, and adiponectin‐mediated satiety in Wistar rats

GLP1 Exerts Paracrine Activity in the Intestinal Lumen of Human Colon

A Novel Pathway of Flavonoids Protecting against Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Modulating Enteroendocrine System

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