Effects of flexibility and strength interventions on optimal lengths of hamstring muscle-tendon units

Li, Shangxiao; Garrett, William E.; Best, Thomas M.; Li, Hanjun; Wan, Xianglin; Liu, Hui; Yu, Bing

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.09.017

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The study of Wyon, Smith [62] required consultation of a previous paper [76] to provide essential information. Samples ranged from 27 [37] to 124 subjects, [34] including: trained participants, [24,36,61,62] healthy sedentary participants, [35,60,67] sedentary and trained participants, [75] workers with chronic neck pain, [37] participants with fibromyalgia, [74] and elderly participants with difficulties in at least one of four tasks: transferring, bathing, toileting, and walking. [34] Seven articles included only women [36,62,67,74] or predominantly women, [34,35,37] three investigated only men [24,75] or predominantly men, [60] and one article had a balanced mixture of men and women.…”

Section: Study Characteristics and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[34] Seven articles included only women [36,62,67,74] or predominantly women, [34,35,37] three investigated only men [24,75] or predominantly men, [60] and one article had a balanced mixture of men and women. [61] Interventions lasted between five [60] and 16 weeks [67]. Minimum weekly training frequency was two sessions [37,74] and maximum was five.…”

Section: Study Characteristics and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[62] Six articles provided insufficient information concerning session duration. [35,36,61,62,67,75] Ten articles vaguely defined training load for the ST and stretching groups, [24,34,37,60,61,74,75] or for stretching groups. [35,36,67] Six articles did not report on using partial or full ROM during ST exercises.…”

Section: Study Characteristics and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[35,36,67] Six articles did not report on using partial or full ROM during ST exercises. [24,34,36,37,61,67] Different stretching modalities were implemented: static active, [35,37,60,67,74,75] dynamic, [34,36] dynamic with a 10-second hold, [24] static active in one group and static passive in another, [62] and a combination of dynamic, static active, and PNF. [61] Hip joint ROM was assessed in seven articles, [24,34,36,[60][61][62]67] knee ROM in five, [34-36, 60, 75] shoulder ROM in four, [34,36,60,74] elbow and trunk ROM in two, [34,36] and cervical spine [37] and the ankle joint ROM in one article.…”

Section: Study Characteristics and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[59] Therefore, eight articles were included at this stage. [24,[34][35][36][37][60][61][62] A manual search within the reference lists of the included articles revealed five additional potentially fitting articles. Two lacked the intervention group required [63,64] and two were non-randomized.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Strength training is as effective as stretching for improving range of motion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Afonso¹,

Ramírez‐Campillo²,

Moscão³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Range of motion (ROM) is an important feature of sports performance and health. Stretching is usually prescribed to improve promote ROM gains, but evidence has suggested that strength training (ST) also improves ROM. However, it is unclear if its efficacy is comparable to stretching. Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of ST and stretching on ROM. Protocol: INPLASY: 10.37766/inplasy2020.9.0098. Data sources: Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science were consulted in early October 2020, followed by search within reference lists and consultation of four experts. No constraints on language or year. Eligibility criteria (PICOS): (P) humans of any sex, age, health or training status; (I) ST interventions; (C) stretching interventions (O) ROM; (S) supervised RCTs. Data extraction and synthesis: Independently conducted by multiple authors. Quality of evidence assessed using GRADE; risk-of-bias assessed with RoB 2. Results: Eleven articles (n = 452 participants) were included. Pooled data showed no differences between ST and stretching on ROM (ES = -022; 95% CI = -055 to 012; p = 0206). Sub-group analyses based on RoB, active vs. passive ROM, and specific movement-per-joint analyses for hip flexion and knee extension showed no between-protocol differences in ROM gains. Conclusion: ST and stretching were not different in improving ROM, regardless of the diversity of protocols and populations. Barring specific contra-indications, people who do not respond well or do not adhere to stretching protocols can change to ST programs, and vice-versa.

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Section: Study Characteristics and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristics and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristics and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristics and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Strength training is as effective as stretching for improving range of motion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Afonso¹,

Ramírez‐Campillo²,

Moscão³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Effects of flexibility and strength training on peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting

Wan

Best³

et al. 2021

Journal of Sport and Health Science

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The Biomechanics Effect of Hamstring Flexibility on the Risk of Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Zhang

Ren

Duan

et al. 2022

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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Background. The relationship between hamstring flexibility and the risk of OSD continues to be a debate, and whether hamstring stretching exercises should be considered as one of the conservative treatments of OSD is still unclear. Objectives. To investigate the relationship between hamstring flexibility and the risk of OSD by assessing the changes of loading on the tibial tuberosity caused by the changes of hamstring optimal lengths. Methods. Experimental data of a young adult running at 4 m/s were used, which were collected by an eight-camera motion capture system together with an instrumented treadmill. Muscle forces were estimated in OpenSim when hamstring optimal lengths changed in the range of 70–130% of the control case in 5% increments. The force and accumulated force of quadriceps muscle were calculated to evaluate the impact of hamstring optimal lengths on the loading on tibial tuberosity. The changes in muscle forces throughout the gait cycle were compared by using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). The average peak force and accumulated force of five gait cycles were compared. Results. Although the maximum force of the quadriceps muscle was slightly affected by changes in hamstring optimal lengths, the accumulated force of quadriceps muscle increased by 21.97% with hamstring optimal lengths decreased by 30% of the control case. The increase of the muscle force mainly occurred in the early stance phase and terminal swing phase ( P < 0.05 ). However, when hamstring optimal lengths were longer than the control, it had a little effect on accumulated force of quadriceps muscle. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that a shorter hamstring optimal length, which means lack of flexibility, can cause a high accumulated force on tibial tuberosity, thus increasing the risk of OSD. Hamstring stretching exercise is only effective for people with lack of hamstring flexibility.

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Effects of flexibility and strength interventions on optimal lengths of hamstring muscle-tendon units

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Strength training is as effective as stretching for improving range of motion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Strength training is as effective as stretching for improving range of motion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Effects of flexibility and strength training on peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting

The Biomechanics Effect of Hamstring Flexibility on the Risk of Osgood-Schlatter Disease

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