Effects of Food Colouring added to 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate and 70% Alcohol for Surgical Site Antisepsis

Chow, Jason; Ng, Jonathan Leo; Pun, Alvin

doi:10.1177/175045891302301104

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Some additives inhibit the antimicrobial activity of biguanide compounds, such as CHG and OLG. (19,29) We investigated the influence of multiple additives contained in OLG-T on antimicrobial effects. From the results of the in vitro time-kill assay, the antimicrobial spectrum and bactericidal/fungicidal activity of OLG-T and OLG-C were considered equivalent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical Properties of a Tinted Formulation of a Biguanide Antiseptic Agent, Olanexidine Gluconate

Nishioka

Shiozaki

Nii

et al. 2022

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Olanexidine gluconate-containing preoperative antiseptic (OLG-C) is colorless, which makes it difficult to determine its area of application. To overcome this drawback, we realized a stable orange-tinted antiseptic (OLG-T) by adding new additives to OLG-C and investigated its pharmaceutical properties compared with OLG-C and povidone iodine (PVP-I). We evaluated the influence of the additives on the antimicrobial activity and adhesiveness of medical adhesives to OLG-T-applied skin by in vitro time-kill/ex vivo micropig skin assays and a peel test using excised micropig skin, respectively. In the in vitro time-kill assay, the bactericidal/fungicidal activity of OLG-T and OLG-C were equivalent. In the ex vivo micropig skin assay, their fast-acting and persistent bactericidal activities against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis were higher than that of PVP-I. In the peel test, the adhesion force of the incise drape and the amount of stripped corneocytes on the peeled drape were comparable between OLG-T-and OLG-C-applied skin, but both were less than those of PVP-I-applied skin.The drapes for OLG-T-and OLG-C-applied skin had moderate adhesion force, and the drape-related injuries were expected to be weak. These results suggest that OLG-T performs no worse than OLG-C in terms of its antimicrobial activity and medical adhesive compatibility.Therefore, we expect OLG-T to lead to more convenient preoperative skin preparation and further contribute to lowering SSI rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical Properties of a Tinted Formulation of a Biguanide Antiseptic Agent, Olanexidine Gluconate

Nishioka

Shiozaki

Nii

et al. 2022

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…In the United States, ChloraPrep is a widely used preoperative surgical preparation, and the chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol formulation was shown to reduce the rate of surgical site infection compared with iodine-based products. 15 The addition of food coloring dye to clear chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol formulations significantly decreases the antimicrobial efficacy of the skin preparation, 16 thus limiting tint options to those formulated with sterile food, drug, and cosmetic dyes used in ChloraPrep, namely, Scrub Teal and Hi-Lite Orange.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visibility of Tinted Chlorhexidine Gluconate Skin Preparation on Varied Skin Pigmentations

McDaniel¹,

Churchill²,

Argintar³

2017

Orthopedics

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Preoperative skin preparation with antimicrobial agents decreases the risk of surgical site infection, but concerns have been raised about the visibility of a common surgical preparatory agent (ChloraPrep; Becton, Dickinson & Co, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey), depending on skin pigmentation. Poor visibility may lead to failure to identify inadequately prepared skin, increasing the risk of surgical site infection. This study was conducted to determine whether different tints of ChloraPrep and different skin pigmentations affect the ability of orthopedic surgeons to identify the adequacy of skin preparation. The forearms of volunteers in 4 skin pigmentation categories (fair, medium-fair, medium-dark, and dark) were prepared with Hi-Lite Orange and Scrub Teal ChloraPrep, with 1 forearm prepared adequately and 1 prepared inadequately. Videos showing the forearms were obtained and compiled into a survey that was sent to orthopedic surgeons, who were asked to assess the adequacy of skin preparation. When the 4 pigmentation categories were aggregated, no difference was noted between Hi-Lite Orange and Scrub Teal tints in rates of correct identification of adequate skin preparation by respondents. When the preparation tint was not controlled for, respondents correctly identified the adequacy of skin preparation for fair and medium-fair pigmentations, but not for medium-dark and dark skin pigmentations. The Hi-Lite Orange tint was significantly easier to identify on fair and medium-fair skin pigmentations, and the Scrub Teal tint was easier to identify on medium-dark and dark skin pigmentations. To reduce the risk of surgical site infection, surgeons should use Hi-Lite Orange on patients whose skin is fair or medium-fair and Scrub Teal on patients whose skin is medium-dark or dark. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(1):e44-e48.].

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“…CHG consists of two symmetric 4-chlorophenyl rings and two biguanide groups connected by a central hexamethylene chain that can interact with molecules via hydrogen bonding 38 . CHG can inhibit gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, microbacteria, and fungi 39 . Additionally, CHG has been used as an additive in TPS/ENR: it improved the compatibility of the two polymers and increased their hardness 37 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement in mechanical and antimicrobial properties of epoxidized natural rubber via reactive blending with chlorhexidine gluconate

Kanthiya

Thajai

Chaiyaso

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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An epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) blend with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was prepared using a two-roll mill at 130 °C. CHG was added at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10% (w/w) as an antimicrobial additive. The ENR blend with 10% (w/w) CHG showed the best tensile strength, elastic recovery, and Shore A hardness. The ENR/CHG blend exhibited a smooth fracture surface. The appearance of a new peak in the Fourier transform infrared spectrum confirmed that the amino groups of CHG reacted with the epoxy groups of ENR. The ENR with 10% CHG exhibited an inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus. The proposed blending improved the mechanical properties, elasticity, morphology, and antimicrobial properties of the ENR.

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Effects of Food Colouring added to 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate and 70% Alcohol for Surgical Site Antisepsis

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Pharmaceutical Properties of a Tinted Formulation of a Biguanide Antiseptic Agent, Olanexidine Gluconate

Pharmaceutical Properties of a Tinted Formulation of a Biguanide Antiseptic Agent, Olanexidine Gluconate

Visibility of Tinted Chlorhexidine Gluconate Skin Preparation on Varied Skin Pigmentations

Enhancement in mechanical and antimicrobial properties of epoxidized natural rubber via reactive blending with chlorhexidine gluconate

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