Effects of food formulation on bioavailability of phytosterols: phytosterol structures, delivery carriers, and food matrices

Wang, Tong; Ma, Chuanguo; Hu, Yuyuan; Guo, Shujing; Bai, Ge; Yang, Ruinan; Yang, Guolong

doi:10.1039/d3fo00566f

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 129 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Besides the direct interaction with cholesterol and other 3𝛽-hydroxy sterols, this effect could support the cholesterol inhibiting activity of SGAs, which is known for other phytosterols. [64]…”

Section: Discussion Of Permeability Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Impact of Steroidal Glycoalkaloids: Barrier Integrity, Permeability, Metabolism, and Uptake in Intestinal Cells

Keuter,

Wolbeck,

Kasimir

et al. 2024

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ScopePotato tubers represent an essential food component all over the world and an important supplier of carbohydrates, fiber, and valuable proteins. However, besides their health promoting effects, potatoes contain α‐solanine and α‐chaconine, which are toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs). Other solanaceous plants like eggplants and tomatoes produce SGAs as well, different in their chemical structure. This study aims to investigate toxic effects (cholinesterase inhibition, membrane, and barrier disruption), permeability, metabolism, and structure–activity relationships of SGAs.Methods and resultsα‐solanine, α‐chaconine, α‐solasonine, α‐solamargine, α‐tomatine, and their respective aglycones solanidine, solasodine, and tomatidine are analyzed using Ellman assay, cellular impedance spectroscopy, cell extraction, and Caco‐2 intestinal model. Additionally, metabolism is analyzed by HPLC‐MS techniques. The study observes dependencies of barrier disrupting potential and cellular uptake on the carbohydrate moiety of SGAs, while permeability and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition are dominated by the steroid backbone. SGAs show low permeabilities across Caco‐2 monolayers in subtoxic concentrations. In contrast, their respective aglycones reveal higher permeabilities, but are extensively metabolized.ConclusionBesides structure–activity relationships, this study provides new information on the overall effects of steroidal alkaloids on intestinal cells and closes a gap of knowledge for the metabolic pathway from oral uptake to final excretion.

show abstract

Section: Discussion Of Permeability Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Impact of Steroidal Glycoalkaloids: Barrier Integrity, Permeability, Metabolism, and Uptake in Intestinal Cells

Keuter,

Wolbeck,

Kasimir

et al. 2024

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Coronary heart disease prevention. [90] Quinones Coenzyme Q10 Antioxidant activity [91] Table 4. Products on the market that are made up of or contain active nanoemulsions [92].…”

Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nanoparticles in Human Nutrition: A Review

Altemimi,

Farag,

Salih

et al. 2024

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nanotechnology in human nutrition represents an innovative advance in increasing the bioavailability and efficiency of bioactive compounds. This work delves into the multifaceted dietary contributions of nanoparticles (NPs) and their utilization for improving nutrient absorption and ensuring food safety. NPs exhibit exceptional solubility, a significant surface-to-volume ratio, and diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nm, rendering them invaluable for applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery, as well as elevating food quality. The encapsulation of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants within NPs introduces an innovative approach to counteract nutritional instabilities and low solubility, promoting human health. Nanoencapsulation methods have included the production of nanocomposites, nanofibers, and nanoemulsions to benefit the delivery of bioactive food compounds. Nutrition-based nanotechnology and nanoceuticals are examined for their economic viability and potential to increase nutrient absorption. Although the advancement of nanotechnology in food demonstrates promising results, some limitations and concerns related to safety and regulation need to be widely discussed in future research. Thus, the potential of nanotechnology could open new paths for applications and significant advances in food, benefiting human nutrition.

show abstract

“…As a result, improving their solubility is key to increasing the bioavailability and bioefficacy of phytosterols [ 133 ]. Different molecular structures corresponding to different physiochemical properties lead to the bioavailability of phytosterols [ 134 ] ( Figure 5 ), including free sterols, sterol esters, steryl glycosides, and acylated glycosides [ 135 ]. In addition, the chemical and physical modification of plant sterols can help improve their bioavailability, The current research on chemical modifications is mainly focused on esterification to increase the oil solubility and water solubility for physical modifications (mainly microencapsulation) [ 9 ].…”

Section: Application Of Phytosterolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosterols: Physiological Functions and Potential Application

Shen,

Yuan,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dietary intake of natural substances to regulate physiological functions is currently regarded as a potential way of promoting health. As one of the recommended dietary ingredients, phytosterols that are natural bioactive compounds distributed in plants have received increasing attention for their health effects. Phytosterols have attracted great attention from scientists because of many physiological functions, for example, cholesterol-lowering, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. In addition, the physiological functions of phytosterols, the purification, structure analysis, synthesis, and food application of phytosterols have been widely studied. Nowadays, many bioactivities of phytosterols have been assessed in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanisms of their pharmacological activities are not yet fully understood, and in-depth investigation of the relationship between structure and function is crucial. Therefore, a contemporaneous overview of the extraction, beneficial properties, and the mechanisms, as well as the current states of phytosterol application, in the food field of phytosterols is provided in this review.

show abstract

Effects of food formulation on bioavailability of phytosterols: phytosterol structures, delivery carriers, and food matrices

Abstract: Daily intake of phytosterols (PSs) as a nutrient supplementation can lower blood-cholesterol levels and reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases. But the high crystallinity, low water-soluble, easily oxidized, and other...

Cited by 4 publications

References 129 publications

Structural Impact of Steroidal Glycoalkaloids: Barrier Integrity, Permeability, Metabolism, and Uptake in Intestinal Cells

Structural Impact of Steroidal Glycoalkaloids: Barrier Integrity, Permeability, Metabolism, and Uptake in Intestinal Cells

Application of Nanoparticles in Human Nutrition: A Review

Phytosterols: Physiological Functions and Potential Application

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About