Effects of food intake regulation on the energy metabolism of hens and cockerels of a layer strain

Macleod, M.D.; Tullett, S. G.; Jewitt, T. R.

doi:10.1080/00071667908416616

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A full explanation for the comparatively low heat increment in the turkey requires further research. The FHP recorded in these adult male turkeys was close to the median value of about 0-35 MJ/kg W 0 ' 75 d estimated from the results of several workers in cockerels of similar age (Shannon and Brown, 1969;O'Neill and Jackson, 1974;MacLeod et al, 1979MacLeod et al, , 1982, suggesting that kg W 0 ' 15 is a valid scaling factor for this comparison of mature males of two species.…”

Section: Fastingsupporting

confidence: 52%

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Heat production by the mature male turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Preliminary measurements in an automated, indirect, open‐circuit multi‐calorimeter system

Macleod

Lundy

Jewitt

1985

British Poultry Science

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The energy metabolism of mature male turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) was determined in a computer-controlled indirect multi-calorimeter system of which the design and operation are described. Daily heat production did not change significantly during an initial 6-d period in the calorimeter chambers. Food intake was at first sufficient to promote a rate of energy retention significantly greater than zero, but decreased to give negative energy retention on day 6; mean energy retention for the whole 6-day period was significantly greater than zero. Heat production was affected little by fasting for 72 h, although the respiratory quotient decreased to 0.72 within 48 h; the heat increment of feeding was therefore small (about 5% of metabolisable energy). Fasting heat production, scaled on metabolic body size (bodyweight in kg)0.75, was similar to that of mature male domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Heat production after refeeding was similar to that recorded during the 6 d before fasting. There was a pronounced circadian rhythmicity of heat production in both fed and fasted birds.

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Section: Fastingsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The reduction in heat production with fasting was considerably less than is usual in the fowl fed on a similar diet (Lundy et al, 1978;MacLeod and Shannon, 1978;MacLeod et al, 1979). A very low estimate was therefore calculated for the heat increment of feeding (A///A/ ME =0-05); consequently a high estimate was obtained for k m (£ m =A/?…”

Section: Fastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat production by the mature male turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Preliminary measurements in an automated, indirect, open‐circuit multi‐calorimeter system

Macleod

Lundy

Jewitt

1985

British Poultry Science

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“…Shalev and Pasternak (1998) estimated that maintenance energy expenditure was 5% to 8% lower in female than in male growing broilers. Although MacLeod et al (1979) showed that HP (in kJ per bird per day or in kJ/(kg BW) 0.75 per day) was greater in mature hens than in cockerels, this was likely due to egg production. In continuation of our previous study, the objective of this study was to quantify energy utilization in male and female turkeys of a heavy strain, which differed genetically from the strain used in our previous study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Dynamics of energy utilization in male and female turkeys during growth

Rivera-Torres

Noblet

Dubois

et al. 2011

Animal

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Determining energy utilization in growing animals enables to adjust the nutritional constraints to nutrient requirements while maximizing the ratio between lean retention and fat retention to improve feed efficiency. In turkey production, the important sexual dimorphism and differences between strains may contribute to differences in basal energy metabolism and the partitioning of energy retention between protein and lipid. The objective of this study was to determine the dynamics of energy utilization in males and females of a heavy strain of turkeys fed ad libitum from 1 to 23 weeks of age. Heat production (HP) was determined by indirect calorimetry and retained energy (RE) was calculated as the difference between metabolizable energy (ME) intake and HP. The RE as protein was determined by a nitrogen balance, while the remaining RE was assumed to be lipid. A modeling procedure allowed partitioning HP between fasting HP (FHP), activity-related HP and thermic effect of feeding. A multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the maintenance energy expenditure (ME m ) and the energy efficiencies of protein and lipid retention (k p and k f , respectively). Results were expressed either per day or per kg BW 0.75 per day. In comparison with females, males consumed more feed (440 v. 368 g/day), grew faster (163 v. 147 g/day) and retained more protein (38 v. 28 g/day) during the experimental period. Expressed per kg BW 0.75 per day, ME intake decreased linearly with increasing age and was not affected by gender. Similarly, RE as protein decreased with increasing age and tended to be greater in males than in females, whereas RE as lipid increased with increasing age and was lower in males than in females. In addition, HP decreased with increasing age and was greater in males than in females, because of greater activity-related HP and FHP (47% and 9% greater in males compared with females). The FHP averaged 417 kJ/(kg BW) 0.75 per day during the first 3 weeks of age and decreased to 317 and 277 kJ/(kg BW) 0.75 per day in males and females, respectively, from 20 weeks of age onwards. Similar to FHP, ME m was lower in females than in males ((586 to 12 3 BW) and (586 to 5 3 BW) kJ/(kg BW) 0.75 per day, respectively) and the k p and k f were estimated at 0.63 and 0.87, respectively. This study shows that the partitioning of RE and HP differs between genders in growing turkeys, which likely results in differences in nutrient requirements.Keywords: turkey, energy, growth, heat production, requirement ImplicationsThe results of this study contribute to the understanding on how the partitioning of retained energy between protein and lipid and the partitioning of the components of heat production change during growth and differ between male and female turkeys. This information can be used to further refine energy systems in turkey production, including the development of modeling approaches. As nutrient requirements are often expressed relative to energy, knowledge of how animals use energy can also help to assess nutrient r...

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“…The superior FE caused by timerestricted feeding may be attributable to low-maintenance requirements or efficient nutrient utilization. In cockerels and hens, restricted feeding decreased fasting and fed heat productions and maintenance energy requirement (MacLeod et al, 1979). In pigs, feed restriction decreased the total and resting heat production, as well as the short-term thermic effect of feeding compared with ad libitum feeding (Lovatto et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effects of feeding time and time-restricted feeding on the fattening traits of White Roman geese

Chen

et al. 2014

Animal

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This study comprises two trials that investigated the effects of feeding time and time-restricted feeding on the fattening traits and plasma metabolite levels of White Roman geese. In Trial I, 24 geese aged 8 weeks of each sex were allowed free access to a fattening diet for 1 h either in the morning (morning-feeding group) or afternoon (afternoon-feeding group). At 12 weeks of age, blood samples were collected hourly for 4 h, beginning 1 h after feeding to determine the plasma levels of glucose, triacylglycerols and uric acid. The results showed a lower ( P < 0.05) daily feed intake (DFI) and daily gain (DG) and higher ( P < 0.05) feed efficiency (FE) for the morning-feeding group compared with those of the afternoon-feeding group. In addition, the postprandial plasma levels of glucose, triacylglycerols and uric acid did not differ ( P > 0.05) between groups. In Trial II, 12 geese aged 8 weeks of each sex were randomly assigned to either the ad libitum feeding group (control group) or time-restricted feeding group (restricted group). The geese in the control group were fed a fattening diet ad libitum, whereas those in the restricted group were allowed access to the diet for 2 h every morning. All geese were killed at 13 weeks of age and their carcass traits were evaluated. The results showed a lower DFI and DG and higher FE for the restricted group compared with those of the control group ( P < 0.05). In addition, the restricted group exhibited lower visceral and abdominal fat and higher empty digestive tract and liver weights than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The results showed that time-restricted feeding in the morning resulted in superior DG and FE compared with feeding in the afternoon. Moreover, time-restricted feeding implemented in the morning during the fattening period reduced DFI and increased FE in geese compared with ad libitum feeding.

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Effects of food intake regulation on the energy metabolism of hens and cockerels of a layer strain

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Heat production by the mature male turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Preliminary measurements in an automated, indirect, open‐circuit multi‐calorimeter system

Heat production by the mature male turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Preliminary measurements in an automated, indirect, open‐circuit multi‐calorimeter system

Dynamics of energy utilization in male and female turkeys during growth

The effects of feeding time and time-restricted feeding on the fattening traits of White Roman geese

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