Effects of four types of sodium salt stress on plant growth and photosynthetic apparatus in sorghum leaves

Abstract

Sorghum variety Longza 17 was used as the experimental organism in a study of the effects of different types of sodium salt (two neutral salts, NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 ; and two alkaline salts, NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3), at an equivalent Na + concentration (100 mmol•L −1) on leaf growth parameters and PSII and PSI function by using the Fast Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction Dynamics technique and 820 nm light reflectance curves. The results showed that at Na + concentration of 100 mmol•L −1 , different types of sodium salt stress significantly inhibited the growth of sorghum plants. Different types of sodium salt stress showed significant inhibition on the activities of PSII and PSI in sorghum leaves, the impact of different types of sodium salt on the activities of PSII and PSI in sorghum leaves was consistent, listed from greatest to least impact as Na 2 CO 3 > NaHCO 3 > Na 2 SO 4 > NaCl. The effects of alkaline salt stress on the growth and photosynthetic properties of sorghum were greater than those under the neutral salt stress, therefore, in addition to considering the impact of Na + concentration in the sorghum planting area, emphasis should also be given to the influence of the degree of alkalization, especially the higher alkalinity of Na 2 CO 3. Abbreviations: F v /F m : PSII maximum photochemical efficiency; PI total : the total performance index; PI ABS : the photosynthesis indices based on the absorption of light energy; △I/I o : the initial slope of the curve of 820 nm light reflection; RC/CS m : the number of the reactive centers per unit area.

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“…The lowest decrease in PItotal recorded in hybrid Drava was, on the other hand, caused by the near mean decrease in ψEo, but largest increase in efficiency of reduction of end electron acceptors on PSI side (δRo). Similar decreases of PIABS and PItotal were obtained by Zhang et al (2018). Increase of δRo in the NaCl treatment is probably due to decrease in redox balance of PSII electron acceptors due to lower PSII activity.…”

“…Concomitantly, values of PIABS decreased under the NaCl stress since φPo and ψEo are used in the calculation of PIABS (along with RC/ABS, which also decreased under the NaCl stress). The decrease in the performance index under the salt stress has been previously presented for various plant species (Mehta et al 2010, Kalaji et al 2011Kan et al 2017, Zhang et al 2018. Decreasing trends of PIABS and PItotal were caused by the decrease in ψEo and increase in absorption flux representing lower number of RCs reducing QA per PSII antenna chlorophyll.…”

“…Particularly, the JIP-test and ChlF transients have been used so far to assess the effects of salt stress in many species, such as barley (Kalaji et al 2011), wheat (Mehta et al 2010), sunflower (Umar et al 2019), maize (Kan et al 2017), Tilia cordata Mill. (Kalaji et al 2018), sorghum (Sayyad-Amin et al 2016, Zhang et al 2018, and rocket (Hniličková et al 2017).…”

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“…In addition, V J increased significantly, whereas V K did not change significantly. The increase of V J reflects the inhibition of electron transfer from Q A to Q B on the PSII acceptor side Zhang et al, 2018a), while the increase of V K is considered to be a specific marker of damage to oxygen-evolving complex on the PSII donor side (Zhang et al, 2018b). However, the change of V K is not only affected by injury on the PSII donor side, but also by damage on PSII acceptor side.…”

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“…Salinization affects plant development when salt concentrations build up in the root zone [40]. To maintain productivity under saline conditions, crops need higher water and fertilizer inputs, which probably enhances soil salinity in the end [5], extending the zone affected by secondary salinization [42].…”