Effects of framing a robot as a social agent or as a machine on children's social behavior

Westlund, Jacqueline M. Kory; Martinez, Marayna; Archie, Maryam; Das, Madhurima; Breazeal, Cynthia

doi:10.1109/roman.2016.7745193

Cited by 40 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Children seemed to understand that it filled an in-between space: it was not alive in the same way as a human or sophisticated animal; it was also perceiving them and responding to them in a way unlike more static computers and mechanical things. This is in line with prior work suggesting that children may categorize robots as in-between entities, with attributes of both living beings and mechanical artifacts [3,26,29,36,42,58]. Children did not confuse the robot with a human-they knew it was different.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…For example, children's attributions of intelligence to a mouse or a robot was similar to their parents'; they mirrored their parents' mental models [14]. Stories told to children by an adult about a robot's social capabilities affected their social judgments of the robot [36].…”

Section: Background Children's Perceptions Of Robotsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Prior work on long-term child-robot interaction has used various assessments to measure children's engagement and the robot's social presence, often using multiple-choice questionnaires or examining children's gaze, affect, and speech patterns, as well as several newer assessments that explicitly examined children's relationship with the robot through picture-based questions, disclosure, and interviews [37,41]. With regards to children's perception of the robot's animacy and human-likeness, prior work has primarily used questionnaires or interviews [24,36,47]; a few studies have also examined children's behavior, e.g., with a robotic dog versus with a stuffed dog [27]. In human-human studies, younger children's relationships have primarily been assessed through interviews or observational methods, such as coding children's behavior for different aspects of relationships such as disclosure, exclusivity, connectedness, conflict, and proximity [18,20,38,52,61].…”

Section: Assessing Perceptions Of Robotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children apply social judgments to robots and respond to their social cues in ways similar to how the children respond to people [10,34]. Children ascribe psychological and perceptual properties to robots, and also properties of artifacts and toys [3,29,32,35,36,42]. Children often think of and speak about robots and other autonomous technologies in social ways, and compare them to both people and toys [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children often think of and speak about robots and other autonomous technologies in social ways, and compare them to both people and toys [13,14]. They have shown moral objections to the object-like treatment of robots, such as putting robots away in a closet [29], but may also say that, like other objects, people made the robot, people can own robots, and robots can break [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Assessing Children's Perceptions and Acceptance of a Social Robot

Kory-Westlund

Breazeal

2019

Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children

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Children's interactions with social robots and other technologies are increasingly longitudinal, especially in areas such as healthcare, therapy, and education. As such, we need to understand how children perceive social robots over time and the kinds of relationships they develop. Relatively few validated assessments exist that measure young children's relationships or their perception and acceptance of social robots. Thus, we present pilot tests of two assessments created for use with children aged 4-7: the Picture Sorting Task and the Social Acceptance Questionnaire. Through a singlesession study and also a long-term study, we found that children responded appropriately to the assessments and that the assessments could capture changes in children's perception and relationship over multiple encounters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Background Children's Perceptions Of Robotsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Assessing Perceptions Of Robotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assessing Children's Perceptions and Acceptance of a Social Robot

Kory-Westlund

Breazeal

2019

Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children

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Evaluating Robot Acceptance in Children with ASD and Their Parents

Zehnder

Jouaiti

Charpillet

2022

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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The wizard and I: How transparent teleoperation and self-description (do not) affect children’s robot perceptions and child-robot relationship formation

et al. 2021

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It has been well documented that children perceive robots as social, mental, and moral others. Studies on child-robot interaction may encourage this perception of robots, first, by using a Wizard of Oz (i.e., teleoperation) set-up and, second, by having robots engage in self-description. However, much remains unknown about the effects of transparent teleoperation and self-description on children’s perception of, and relationship formation with a robot. To address this research gap initially, we conducted an experimental study with a 2 × 2 (teleoperation: overt/covert; self-description: yes/no) between-subject design in which 168 children aged 7–10 interacted with a Nao robot once. Transparency about the teleoperation procedure decreased children’s perceptions of the robot’s autonomy and anthropomorphism. Self-description reduced the degree to which children perceived the robot as being similar to themselves. Transparent teleoperation and self-description affected neither children’s perceptions of the robot’s animacy and social presence nor their closeness to and trust in the robot.

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Effects of framing a robot as a social agent or as a machine on children's social behavior

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

Assessing Children's Perceptions and Acceptance of a Social Robot

Assessing Children's Perceptions and Acceptance of a Social Robot

Evaluating Robot Acceptance in Children with ASD and Their Parents

The wizard and I: How transparent teleoperation and self-description (do not) affect children’s robot perceptions and child-robot relationship formation

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