Effects of free weights and machine training on muscular strength in high-functioning older adults

Schott, Nadja; Johnen, Bettina; Holfelder, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.03.012

Cited by 37 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…It was hypothesized that the muscular strength in RT group of participants using FW only would improve significantly more than in their counterparts using M only during the 10-week RT program since more muscle fibers and synergistic muscles are activated to maintain postural balance and stabilization during the FW exercises [7][8][9]. This statement was previously confirmed by the study of Schott et al (2019) conducted in older adults (>60 years old, mixed gender) based on more pronounced relative strength increases in some muscle groups, but not all, after 26 weeks from baseline when using FW for RT (i.e., 50% in leg press versus up to 120% in squat) versus when using M [10]. However, people at a more advanced age may initially feel uncertain when performing unfamiliar exercises that challenge their postural stability, possibly resulting in an underestimation of strength at baseline when being tested with FW.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…For example, unstable squats result in higher EMG activity in synergistic muscles [7], and EMG activity is also found to be higher in the medial deltoid muscle during a free weight bench press as compared to the more stable Smith or chest press machine alternative [8,9]. In addition, a recent study by Schott et al (2019) observed that the relative increase in exercise load from baseline was higher in older adults training with free weights as compared to those using the machine alternative, but only for the triceps brachialis and knee and hip extensor muscles [10]. Also, Rossi et al (2018) concluded that free weight squat training elicited better strength outcomes than training with the leg press machine, whilst balance improved equally regardless of the exercise used [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Using Machines or Free Weights for Resistance Training in Novice Males? A Randomized Parallel Trial

Aerenhouts

D’Hondt

2020

IJERPH

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This study compared the effect of a resistance training (RT) program with machines, free weights, or a combination of both on changes in anthropometrics, strength, and functional ability in novice adult males. Thirty-six male novices in RT (18–45 years) followed a 10-week RT program. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups (N = 12 each): machines only; free weights only; or switching from machines to free weights (after 5 weeks). Muscle size (circumferences of upper arm, thigh and chest), strength (1 Repetition Maximum) on both machines and free weights, and functional ability (Functional Movement ScreenTM (Functional Movement Systems Inc., Chatham, VA, USA)) were assessed prior to the RT program, halfway at 5 weeks, and within one week after the final training bout. Repeated measures MANOVAs showed no significant time by RT group interactions for the different outcome measures. Regardless of RT group, significant improvements over time were observed for anthropometrics (F = 9.144, p < 0.001), strength (F = 6.918, p < 0.001), and functional ability (F = 25.578, p < 0.001). To conclude, similar gains in muscularity, strength, and functional ability can be expected for male novices in RT regardless of the equipment being used and without a fallback when changing from machines to free weights. Accordingly, any choice of RT equipment can be made, considering individual preferences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Using Machines or Free Weights for Resistance Training in Novice Males? A Randomized Parallel Trial

Aerenhouts

D’Hondt

2020

IJERPH

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“…Os benefícios à saúde ocorrem mesmo quando a prática de atividade física é iniciada em uma fase tardia da vida, sendo vantajosa inclusive para portadores de doenças crônicas, prevenindo principalmente as doenças associadas ao sedentarismo, como coronariopatias, diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial, hipercolesterolemia, acidente vascular cerebral, osteoporose, osteoartrite, câncer de próstata, mama e cólon intestinal (SCHOTT; JOHNEN; HOLFELDER, 2019;SATHANANTHAN et al, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Saúde Do Idoso: Abordagem Preventiva Em Um Grupo De Caminhada

Ponte

Oliveira

Macena

et al. 2019

Rev. Expr. Catól. Saúde

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Introdução: O envelhecimento é definido como um processo multidimensional, e este processo de envelhecimento, salvo ocorrências abreviadoras, são inevitáveis e inerentes a todos. A atividade física é o fator que prediz de forma mais consistente um envelhecimento saudável e qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Verificar o possível benefício das atividades físicas desenvolvidas por uma equipe multidisciplinar em um grupo de idosos. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, transversal e descritivo, no qual foram acessados múltiplos casos em campo. Realizado através de entrevistas com idosos participantes de um grupo de caminhada. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado análise de conteúdo. Resultados: A análise de depoimentos dos idosos foi dividida em quatro questionamentos: Mudanças após o inicio no grupo – “melhora dos aspectos físico, social e mental”, Quais foram as mudanças - “diminuição das dores, câimbras e aumento do bem estar”, Qual atividade que mais gosta - “o alongamento e a dança, com alegria em mexer o corpo todo” e Como se sente após a atividade - “maior disposição e diminuição da sensação de cansaço”. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que a prática de atividade física proporciona uma melhor qualidade de vida e bem estar geral. Observou-se também que os idosos tornaram-se mais eficazes e produtivos. OLDER ADULT HEALTH: PREVENTIVE APPROACH IN A WALKING GROUP ABSTRACT Ageing is defined as a multidimensional process and, this ageing process, except abridged occurrences, is inevitable and inherent to all people. Physical activity is a very important factor to a healthy ageing and to quality of life. This study aimed at verifying the possible benefits of physical activities developed by a multidisciplinary team in the perception of a group of older people. It is a qualitative, transversal and descriptive study, in which many cases were accessed. It was carried out through interviews with older adults who participate in a walking group. Content analysis was used for data analysis. For the present study, 10 older adults (2 men and 8 women) were evaluated; they participate in a walking group in the city of Sobral/CE. According to their opinion, regular physical activity designated to older population contributes to the improvement of health conditions in many aspects as physical, social and mental, according to the following statements: “improvement of physical, social and mental aspects”, “decreased pain and cramps and increased well-being”, "Stretching and dancing, with joy in moving the whole body" and "more disposition and decrease of the sensation of fatigue". It is evident that the practice of physical activity affords a better quality of life and well-being. It is also observed that the older people became more efficient and productive according to their own perception.

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“…Dieses Ergebnis ist hocherwünscht, nicht nur wegen des wesentlich geringeren materiellen Aufwands. Auch der Aspekt, dass ein Training mit Handgeräten günstiger ist für die Funktion [47] und Kraft der Beinstrecker [48] ▶Tab. 3 'Risk of bias' der eingeschlossenen Untersuchung gemäß PEDro-Score [11,12].…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Dynamisches Krafttraining und Knochendichte an der Lendenwirbelsäule postmenopausaler Frauen

et al. 2020

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ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Metaanalyse war es (1) den Effekt eines dynamischen Krafttrainings (DRT) auf die Knochendichte (BMD) der Lendenwirbelsäule (LWS) einzuschätzen, (2) günstige Belastungs-komponenten zu identifizieren und (3) Trainingsempfehlungen abzuleiten.Eine systematische Literaturrecherche schloss (a) kontrollierte Studien, (b) DRT ≥ 6 Monate mit mindestens einer Trainings- (TG) und einer Kontrollgruppe (KG), (c) LWS-BMD-Messung vor und nach der Intervention und (e) postmenopausale Frauen ein. Subgruppenanalysen wurden für Interventionsdauer, Art des DRT, Trainingshäufigkeit (TH), und -volumen sowie Reizintensität durchgeführt.17 Artikel mit 20 TG und 18 KG konnten eingeschlossen werden. Die standardisierte Mittelwertdifferenz für die LWS-BMD zeigte einen signifikanten Effekt (0,59; 95%-CI: 0,26–0,92). Eine niedrige TH zeigte signifikant höhere Effekte auf die BMD als eine TH von ≥ 2 Einheiten/Woche.Die Meta-Analyse zeigte einen moderaten DRT-Effekt auf die LWS-BMD. Ergebnisse der Subanalysen standen zum Teil im Gegensatz zur vorliegenden Literatur. Subanalysen meta-analytischer Auswertung scheinen zur Generierung erfolgversprechender Trainingsprotokolle nicht geeignet zu sein.

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Effects of free weights and machine training on muscular strength in high-functioning older adults

Cited by 37 publications

References 55 publications

Using Machines or Free Weights for Resistance Training in Novice Males? A Randomized Parallel Trial

Using Machines or Free Weights for Resistance Training in Novice Males? A Randomized Parallel Trial

Saúde Do Idoso: Abordagem Preventiva Em Um Grupo De Caminhada

Dynamisches Krafttraining und Knochendichte an der Lendenwirbelsäule postmenopausaler Frauen

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