Effects of Fuel Ethanol Use on Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Saricks, C L; Santini, D.J.; Wang, M.

doi:10.2172/4742

Cited by 105 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Shapouriet al and Sarickset al [87,88], but Pimentel [89,90] found the opposite. Kim and Dale [91] claimed that it might not be appropriate to compare biomass feedstocks in terms of cumulative energy and the related GWP, because different agricultural and forestry biomasses have different chemical properties that can be transformed into different valuable products, and if these products are considered as alternatives to fossil fuel-based products they pursue different displacement effects of the environmental impacts.…”

Section: Materials Inputs In Biorefinery Pathways: At Farm Gate Levelmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Assessment of the net energy and greenhouse gas balances of producing ethanol from corn grain shows inconsistent findings [87][88][89][90]. Based on varying corn yields, fertilizer manufacturing efficiencies, corn-to-fuel conversion technologies, fertilizer application rates and evaluation of byproducts and energy inputs, net energy input was found lower than the net energy output of fuel ethanol, as reported by Shapouriet al and Sarickset al[87,88], but Pimentel [89,90] found the opposite. Kim and Dale [91] claimed that it might not be appropriate to compare biomass feedstocks in terms of cumulative energy and the related GWP, because different agricultural and forestry biomasses have different chemical properties that can be transformed into different valuable products, and if these products are considered as alternatives to fossil fuel-based products they pursue different displacement effects of the environmental impacts.…”

Section: Description Of Materials Flows In a Biorefinery An Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also here the use of fertilizers (mainly N) had the greatest environmental impact, followed by pre-processing and transportation of the biomass leading to increase the environmental loads in the biomass conversion processes. Assessment of the net energy and greenhouse gas balances of producing ethanol from corn grain shows inconsistent findings [87][88][89][90]. Based on varying corn yields, fertilizer manufacturing efficiencies, corn-to-fuel conversion technologies, fertilizer application rates and evaluation of byproducts and energy inputs, net energy input was found lower than the net energy output of fuel ethanol, as reported by Shapouriet al and Sarickset al[87,88], but Pimentel [89,90] found the opposite.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biorefining in the prevailing energy and materials crisis: a review of sustainable pathways for biorefinery value chains and sustainability assessment methodologies

Parajuli

Dalgaard

Jørgensen

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

227

121

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Abstract:The aim of the current paper is to discuss the sustainability aspect of biorefinery systems with focus on: biomass supply chains, processing of biomass feedstocks in biorefinery platforms and sustainability assessment methodologies. From the stand point of sustainability, it is important to optimize the agricultural production system and minimize the related environmental impacts at the farming system level. These impacts are primarily related to agri-chemical inputs and the related undesired environmental emissions and to the repercussions from biomass production. At the same time, the biorefineries needs a year-round supply of biomass and about 40-60% of the total operating cost of a typical biorefinery is related to the feedstocks chosen, and thus highlights on the careful prioritization of feedstocks mainly based on their economic and environmental loadings. Regarding the processing in biorefinery platforms, chemical composition of biomasses is important. Biomasses with higher concentrations of cellulose and hemicelluloses compared to lignin are preferred for bioethanol production in the lignocellulosic biorefinery, since the biodegradability of cellulose is higher than lignin. A green biorefinery platform enables the extraction of protein from grasses, producing an important alternative to importing protein sources for food products and animal feed, while also allowing processing of residues to deliver bioethanol. Currently, there are several approaches to integrate biorefinery platforms, which are aimed to enhance their economic and environmental sustainability. Regarding sustainability assessment, the complexities related to the material flows in a biorefinery and the delivery of alternative biobased products means dealing with multiple indicators in the decision-making process to enable comparisons of alternatives. Life Cycle Assessment is regarded as one of the most relevant tools to assess the environmental hotspots in the biomass supply chains, at processing stages and also to support in the prioritization of any specific biobased products and the alternatives delivered from biorefineries.Keywords: biorefinery, biomass feedstock, sustainability, biobased product, environmental performances, economic performances, Life Cycle Assessment 2 IntroductionThe societal need of energy and materials is predicted to reach a crisis point in the near future [1]. This is because of the coupling between escalating demand and cost of fossil fuels upon which the production of chemicals, materials and energy conversions still depend. The high energy intensity in material production has sustainability impacts on the energy sector, environment and economy [2]. Currently fossil fuels contribute about 80% of the global energy demand, and even if the current political commitments and strategies to tackle the issues of climate change and energy insecurity, as envisioned by different countries are in place, the global energy demand in 2035 is still projected to rise by 40% with fossil fuels contributing 75% [3]. The ...

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Section: Materials Inputs In Biorefinery Pathways: At Farm Gate Levelmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Description Of Materials Flows In a Biorefinery An Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biorefining in the prevailing energy and materials crisis: a review of sustainable pathways for biorefinery value chains and sustainability assessment methodologies

Parajuli

Dalgaard

Jørgensen

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

227

121

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show abstract

“…In the field of biofuel production, energy and water consumption are major issues that in policy and decision making. The main example is the production of corn-based ethanol for which over the years researchers have reported a broad range of values for water and energy consumption, which are shown in Tables 1 and 2 [7,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. An important question that arises for the design of sustainable production processes of biofuels is what are the minimum values for energy and water consumption that can be actually achieved in these processes.…”

Section: Strategy For Energy and Water Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Water Optimization in Biofuel Plants

Grossmann¹,

Martı́n²

2010

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering

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In this paper we address the topic of energy and water optimization in the production of bioethanol from corn and switchgrass. We show that in order for these manufacturing processes to be attractive, there is a need to go beyond traditional heat integration and water recycling techniques. Thus, we propose a strategy based on mathematical programming techniques to model and optimize the structure of the processes, and perform heat integration including the use of multi-effect distillation columns and integrated water networks to show that the energy efficiency and water consumption in bioethanol plants can be significantly improved.Specifically, under some circumstances energy can even be produced and the water consumption can be reduced below the values required for the production of gasoline.

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“…The diminution of fossil fuels and the growing concern of environmental consequences, particularly climate changes, have steered our fast-growing economy for clean and renewable energy production [1]. Among different renewable energy sources, bioethanol is one of the promising alternatives to fossil fuel because of its low CO 2 emission [2, 3] and its manufacturing reliance on lignocellulosic biomass, which is bio-renewable and abundance on earth. However, the structural complexity and the recalcitrance of this renewable carbon source [4] have hindered its optimal use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical, structural insights of newly isolated AA16 family of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase (LPMO) fromAspergillus fumigatusand investigation of its synergistic effect using biomass

Hossain

Dodda

Kapoor

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugar is a bottleneck for cheap production of bio-ethanol. Recently identified enzyme Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase (LPMO) family has brought new hope because of its boosting capabilities of cellulose hydrolysis. Cellulase enzymes of Aspergillus origin are important for their thermostable nature. Here we have identified and characterized a new class of auxiliary (AA16) oxidative enzyme LPMO from the genome of a locally isolated thermophilic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus (NITDGPKA3). The biochemical, structural, and biomass conversion efficiency of AfLPMO16 have been explored. The AfLPMO16 is an intronless gene and encodes the protein of about 29kDa of molecular weight. Sequence-wise it is close to C1 type and structurally it is similar to AA11 family of LPMOs. The structure exclusively consists of loops and sheets. The gene was expressed under inducible promoter (AOX1) with C-terminal His tag in the Pichia pastoris. The protein was purified, and enzyme kinetics was studied with 2, 6-DMP. Polysaccharides hydrolysis activity was observed with Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and Phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). Further, the lignocellulosic biomass conversion enhancement with Cellulase cocktail gives 2-fold enhancement in reducing sugar release suggests the importance of AfLPMO16 in the bio-ethanol industry.

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Effects of Fuel Ethanol Use on Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Cited by 105 publications

References 2 publications

Biorefining in the prevailing energy and materials crisis: a review of sustainable pathways for biorefinery value chains and sustainability assessment methodologies

Biorefining in the prevailing energy and materials crisis: a review of sustainable pathways for biorefinery value chains and sustainability assessment methodologies

Energy and Water Optimization in Biofuel Plants

Biochemical, structural insights of newly isolated AA16 family of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase (LPMO) fromAspergillus fumigatusand investigation of its synergistic effect using biomass

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