Effects of fungicide timing on the severity of eyespot on winter wheat or winter barley inoculated with W-type or R-type isolates of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides

Goulds, A.; Fitt, Bruce D.L.

doi:10.1016/0261-2194(90)90103-e

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The field experiments from 1985/86, 1986/87 and 1987/88 have been described previously, and the data analysed using chronological time (Goulds & Fitt, 1990a, 1990b, 1991). The experiments were arranged in two randomized blocks of nine plots (10 × 3 m) in 1985/86, or 12 plots (8·5 × 32 m) in 1986/87 and 1987/88.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiments were arranged in two randomized blocks of nine plots (10 × 3 m) in 1985/86, or 12 plots (8·5 × 32 m) in 1986/87 and 1987/88. Some details of these experiments are given in Table 1; full details are given by Goulds & Fitt (1990a, 1990b, 1991). Only data from plots of winter wheat (cv.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… a As recorded in the Electronic Rothamsted Archive (ERA). Full details of experiments are described by Goulds & Fitt (1990a, 1990b, 1991). Only data from plots of winter wheat cv.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development ofOculimacula yallundaeandO. acuformis(eyespot) on leaf sheaths of winter wheat in the UK in relation to thermal time

et al. 2005

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In a controlled environment (15/10 ° C) (day/night) container experiment on winter wheat (cv. Avalon), eyespot incidence (percentage of plants affected) and number of leaf sheaths penetrated after 6 weeks increased with inoculum concentration (10 2 − 10 6 conidia mL) of Oculimacula yallundae (OY) or Oculimacula acuformis (OA), but there was no difference between the two species. In an outdoor container experiment, seedlings inoculated with OY 2 weeks after sowing had a greater incidence of eyespot than those inoculated with OA, when assessed 7 weeks after inoculation. Seedlings inoculated with OA at 10 or 20 weeks after sowing developed more severe eyespot by maturity than those inoculated with OY. In an experiment at 15/10 ° C with seedlings inoculated with OY + OA 2 weeks after sowing, more leaf sheaths were penetrated by OY (3·0 per plant) than OA (2·3 per plant) 6 weeks after inoculation. Field experiments with winter wheat consistently showed leaf sheath production, leaf sheath death, and number of leaf sheaths infected or penetrated by OA or OY were related linearly to thermal time ( ° C days) after sowing. Depending on cultivar, season and sample, a new leaf sheath was produced in 116-216 ° C days; a leaf sheath died in 221-350 ° C days; and infection of a new leaf sheath occurred in 129-389 ° C days. The mean number of living leaf sheaths infected differed between samples, cultivars and seasons for both OY and OA. Regression analysis of the 1985/86 data suggested that OY progressed more rapidly than OA through the leaf sheaths, and that both the pathogens progressed more rapidly than the rate of leaf sheath death, but more slowly than the rate at which leaf sheaths were produced. It also suggested that OA progressed more slowly than the rate at which leaf sheaths died in 1987/88, but OY did not.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development ofOculimacula yallundaeandO. acuformis(eyespot) on leaf sheaths of winter wheat in the UK in relation to thermal time

et al. 2005

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“…Anon., ). The response of wheat to the timing of plant growth regulators (Kettlewell et al , ; Bodson & Durdu, ; Gandee et al , , ; Rajala & Peltonen‐Sainio, ; Hussain & Leitch, ; Wiersma et al , ; Huberman et al , ; Peng et al , ), herbicides (Wilson & Cussans, ; Tottman, ; Martin et al , ; Leaden et al , ; Pageau & Lajeunesse, ; Kong et al , ; Robinson et al , ), insecticides (Carter et al , ; Mann et al , ; Oakley et al , ; Kennedy & Connery, ), fungicides (Nelson & Sutton, ; Cook & Hayward, ; Guy et al , ; Goulds & Fitt, ; Duczek & Jones‐Flory, ; Cook et al , ; Nicolas, ; Wiersma & Motteberg, ; Marroni et al , ; Edwards & Godley, ; Wegulo et al , ) and nitrogen application (Darwinkel, ; Powlson et al , ; Sylvester‐Bradley et al , ; Maidl et al , ; Sticksel et al , , ; Flowers et al , ; Weisz et al , ; Efretuei et al , ) are all commonly interpreted with reference to DGS. Similarly, the responses to other agronomic decisions, such as sowing density, can be interpreted with reference to canopy formation and architecture at particular DGS (Whaley et al , ).…”

Section: Growth Stage Scores Defining Cereal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decimal growth stages for precision wheat production in changing environments?

Barber

Carney

Alghabari

et al. 2015

Annals of Applied Biology

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The utility of the Decimal Growth Stage (DGS) scoring system for cereals is reviewed. The DGS is the most widely-used scale in academic and commercial applications due to its comprehensive coverage of cereal developmental stages, the ease of use and definition provided, and adoption by official agencies. The DGS has demonstrable and established value in helping to optimise the timing of agronomic inputs, particularly with regards to plant growth regulators, herbicides, fungicides and soluble nitrogen fertilizers. Additionally the DGS is used to help parametise crop models, and also in understanding the response and adaptation of crops to the environment. The value of the DGS for increasing precision relies on it indicating, to some degree, the various stages in the development of the stem apex and spike. Coincidence of specific growth stage scores with the transition of the apical meristem from a vegetative to a reproductive state, and also with the period of meiosis, is unreliable. Nonetheless, in pot experiments it is shown that the broad period of booting (DGS 41-49) appears adequate for covering the duration when the vulnerability of meiosis to drought and heat stress is exposed. Similarly, the duration of anthesis (61-69) is particularly susceptible to abiotic stresses: initially from a fertility perspective, but increasingly from a mean grain weight perspective as flowering progresses to DGS 69 and then milk development. These associations with DGS can have value at the crop level of organisation: for interpreting environmental effects, and in crop modelling. However, genetic, biochemical, and physiological analysis to develop greater understanding of stress acclimation during the vegetative state, and tolerance at meiosis, does require more precision than DGS can provide. Similarly, individual floret analysis is needed to further understand the genetic basis of stress tolerance during anthesis.publishersversionpreprintPeer reviewe

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“…Development of lesions on wheat stems in spring/summer is an important stage in progress of eyespot epidemics that results in yield loss directly, through restriction of transport vessels, or indirectly, when severe lesions weaken stems so that extensive lodging occurs before harvest (Scott & Hollins, 1974; Fitt et al ., 1988). The development of stem lesions begins in spring after the eyespot pathogens have penetrated the innermost leaf sheath at the end of the autumn/winter phase of epidemics (Fitt et al ., 1988; Goulds & Fitt, 1990a,b, 1991a,b). There are differences between OY and OA in their progress through leaf sheaths (Wan et al ., 2005) but subsequent differences in stem lesion development are not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Oculimacula yallundae and O. acuformis (eyespot) lesions on stems of winter wheat in relation to thermal time in the UK

2009

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Relationships between development of eyespot, caused by Oculimacula yallundae (OY) or O. acuformis (OA) on stems of winter wheat (cv. Avalon), and thermal time ( ° C days after sowing) were investigated in field experiments in 1985/86, 1986/87 and 1987/88 (two experiments). In all experiments, the incidence and severity of stem eyespot (uninoculated plots, OY-and OA-inoculated plots) were linearly related to accumulated thermal time after sowing. There were ca. 600-800 ° C days from the time of the first sample when eyespot lesions were recorded on stems to the time when maximum eyespot incidence or severity was recorded. Relationships between stem eyespot incidence or severity and thermal time differed between seasons, with more severe eyespot in 1986/87 and 1987/88 than 1985/86. Both the severity and volume of stem lesions were initially greater in OY-inoculated plots than OA-inoculated plots in spring but differences were less by harvest in all seasons. The percentage of plants with stems colonized by OY or OA over all plots (including uninoculated) showed a consistent pattern in 1986/87 and 1987/88 (two experiments), with the percentage colonized by OY greater initially and the percentage colonized by OA gradually increasing with time towards harvest.

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Effects of fungicide timing on the severity of eyespot on winter wheat or winter barley inoculated with W-type or R-type isolates of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Development ofOculimacula yallundaeandO. acuformis(eyespot) on leaf sheaths of winter wheat in the UK in relation to thermal time

Development ofOculimacula yallundaeandO. acuformis(eyespot) on leaf sheaths of winter wheat in the UK in relation to thermal time

Decimal growth stages for precision wheat production in changing environments?

Development of Oculimacula yallundae and O. acuformis (eyespot) lesions on stems of winter wheat in relation to thermal time in the UK

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