Effects of garlic extract and of three pure components isolated from it on human platelet aggregation, arachidonate metabolism, release reaction and platelet ultrastructure

Apitz‐Castro, Rafael; Cabrera, Silvia; Cruz, Maria Rosa; Ledezma, Eliades; Jain, Mahendra Kumar

doi:10.1016/0049-3848(83)90027-0

Cited by 191 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Because we extracted garlic components with an equal volume of solution to the garlic weight (1:1, v/w), allicin in the aqueous extracts would be decreased by some water soluble substances involving sulfhydryl groups in garlic's proteins (13). The extremely low extraction rates obtained with the vegetable oil and hexane could partly be explained by their hydrophobicity and low polarity; in addition, the vegetable oil can break down allicin to ajoene (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and Chemical Stability of Garlic-Derived Allicin

Fujisawa

Suma

Origuchi

et al. 2008

J. Agric. Food Chem.

152

123

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This study verifies the instability of garlic (Allium sativum L.)-derived allyl 2-propenylthiosulfinate (allicin) in various aqueous and ethanolic solutions as well as in vegetable oil through chemical and biological analyses performed simultaneously. Crushed fresh garlic cloves generated antibacterial activity and chemically detectable allicin, a major antibacterial principle, and both declined on a daily basis in aqueous and ethanolic solutions at room temperature, showing biological and chemical half-lives of about 6 and 11 days, respectively. Allicin was more stable in 20% alcohol than in water, but surprisingly unstable in vegetable oil, with an activity half-life 0.8 h, as estimated from its antibacterial activity toward Escherichia coli, and a chemical half-life of 3.1 h, based on chromatographic quantification. In alcoholic and aqueous extracts, the biological half-life of allicin tended to be longer than the chemical one, suggesting the occurrence of bioactive compounds other than allicin in the extracts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and Chemical Stability of Garlic-Derived Allicin

Fujisawa

Suma

Origuchi

et al. 2008

J. Agric. Food Chem.

152

123

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“…They found that a disulfide moiety seems to be necessary to trigger cell death whereas adjacent groups contribute to the specificity of cell killing. Studies from our own group demonstrated that ajoene, an allylic disulfide originally isolated from garlic extracts, 12 induces apoptosis in the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60 as well as in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from a patient with a chronic myelogenous leukemia undergoing a myeloid blast crisis. In contrast, quiescent as well as proliferating PBMCs isolated from healthy donors remained unaffected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ajoene, an experimental anti-leukemic drug: mechanism of cell death

et al. 2002

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The organosulfur compound ajoene, a constitutent of garlic, has been shown to induce apoptosis in a leukemic cell line as well as in blood cells of a leukemic patient. The mechanisms of action of ajoene, however, are unknown. The present study aims to characterize the molecular events leading to ajoenetriggered apoptosis. We show here that ajoene (20 M) leads to a time-dependent activation of caspase-3-like activity as well as to the proteolytic processing of procaspase-3 and -8. Activation of caspases was necessary for ajoene-induced apoptosis since the broad-range caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk completely abrogated ajoene-mediated DNA fragmentation. Although the initiator caspase-8 was activated, the CD95 death receptor was not involved in death signaling since the HL-60 clone used was shown to express a functionally inactive CD95 receptor. Furthermore, ajoene induced the release of cytochrome c, which was not inhibited by zVAD-fmk indicating that cytochrome c release precedes caspase activation. Ajoene also led to a dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Overexpression of Bcl-x L clearly diminished ajoeneinduced caspase activation as well as apoptosis. These results indicate that apoptosis in leukemia cells triggered by ajoene is based on the activation of a mitochondria-dependent caspase cascade which includes also the activation of the initiator caspase-8. Leukemia (2002) 16, 74-83.

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“…15 Garlic has been shown to have several effects in the body. This includes inhibition of platelet aggregation 16 , and prevention of fat infiltration of the liver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%