Effects of gasoline and ethanol-gasoline exhaust exposure on human bronchial epithelial and natural killer cells in vitro

Roth, Michèle; Usemann, Jakob; Bisig, Christoph; Comte, Pierre; Czerwiński, Jan; Mayer, Andreas; Beier, Konstantin; Rothen‐Rutishauser, Barbara; Latzin, Philipp; Müller, Loretta

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2017.08.016

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…(B) The “worldwide harmonized light-duty vehicles test cycle” (WLTC) represents a standardization of an averaged driving pattern. Figure adapted from 27 . Abbreviations: CO, carbon monoxide; CO 2 , carbon dioxide; GPF, gasoline particle filter; NO x , nitrogen oxide; T.HC, total hydrocarbon.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details about the exposure protocol have been described previously 27 , 33 . The only difference in the exposure protocol compared to the published protocol is that, in the current study, we used the WLTC instead of the steady state cycle (SSC) (details in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both cell types perform crucial biological functions and are primarily exposed to car exhaust. While ECs have been studied extensively with regard to the toxic effects of traffic exhaust 27 – 30 , not much is known about the impact of air pollution on NKs 31 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gasoline particle filter reduces oxidative DNA damage in bronchial epithelial cells after whole gasoline exhaust exposure in vitro

Usemann

Roth

Bisig

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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A substantial amount of traffic-related particle emissions is released by gasoline cars, since most diesel cars are now equipped with particle filters that reduce particle emissions. Little is known about adverse health effects of gasoline particles, and particularly, whether a gasoline particle filter (GPF) influences the toxicity of gasoline exhaust emissions. We drove a dynamic test cycle with a gasoline car and studied the effect of a GPF on exhaust composition and airway toxicity. We exposed human bronchial epithelial cells (ECs) for 6 hours, and compared results with and without GPF. Two hours later, primary human natural killer cells (NKs) were added to ECs to form cocultures, while some ECs were grown as monocultures. The following day, cells were analyzed for cytotoxicity, cell surface receptor expression, intracellular markers, oxidative DNA damage, gene expression, and oxidative stress. The particle amount was significantly reduced due to GPF application. While most biological endpoints did not differ, oxidative DNA damage was significantly reduced in EC monocultures exposed to GPF compared to reference exhaust. Our findings indicate that a GPF has beneficial effects on exhaust composition and airway toxicity. Further studies are needed to assess long-term effects, also in other cell types of the lung.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gasoline particle filter reduces oxidative DNA damage in bronchial epithelial cells after whole gasoline exhaust exposure in vitro

Usemann

Roth

Bisig

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Figure 2 presents a conceptual diagram of the induction of cardiometabolic syndrome by traffic-related PM, which bridges the connections among the PM sources, exposure routes, and biological perturbations (at molecular and cellular levels). Inhalation exposure to traffic-related PM first induces inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL2) [3,9,14,15,50,75] by the activation of the TLR2/4-NF-κB signaling pathways, triggering the expression of cytokine genes [3,9]. These cytokines further cause systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to the development of cardiometabolic disorders, including obesity and CVD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical and physical properties of traffic-related PM vary, depending on the type of fuels, engine efficiency, and exhaust technologies [13][14][15][16]. Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts have been recognized as carcinogenic (Group 1 for diesel) and possibly carcinogenic (Group 2B for gasoline) to humans, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic-Related Particulate Matter and Cardiometabolic Syndrome: A Review

2018

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Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) is a major source of outdoor air pollution worldwide. It has been recently hypothesized to cause cardiometabolic syndrome, including cardiovascular dysfunction, obesity, and diabetes. The environmental and toxicological factors involved in the processes, and the detailed mechanisms remain to be explored. The objective of this study is to assess the current scientific evidence of traffic-related PM-induced cardiometabolic syndrome. We conducted a literature review by searching the keywords of “traffic related air pollution”, “particulate matter”, “human health”, and “metabolic syndrome” from 1980 to 2018. This resulted in 25 independent research studies for the final review. Both epidemiological and toxicological findings reveal consistent correlations between traffic-related PM exposure and the measured cardiometabolic health endpoints. Smaller sizes of PM, particularly ultrafine particles, are shown to be more harmful due to their greater concentrations, reactive compositions, longer lung retention, and bioavailability. The active components in traffic-related PM could be attributed to metals, black carbon, elemental carbon, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and diesel exhaust particles. Existing evidence points out that the development of cardiometabolic symptoms can occur through chronic systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. The elderly (especially for women), children, genetically susceptible individuals, and people with pre-existing conditions are identified as vulnerable groups. To advance the characterization of the potential health risks of traffic-related PM, additional research is needed to investigate the detailed chemical compositions of PM constituents, atmospheric transformations, and the mode of action to induce adverse health effects. Furthermore, we recommend that future studies could explore the roles of genetic and epigenetic factors in influencing cardiometabolic health outcomes by integrating multi-omics approaches (e.g., genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics) to provide a comprehensive assessment of biological perturbations caused by traffic-related PM.

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Is it the time to study air pollution effects under environmental conditions? A case study to support the shift of in vitro toxicology from the bench to the field

et al. 2018

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Effects of gasoline and ethanol-gasoline exhaust exposure on human bronchial epithelial and natural killer cells in vitro

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Gasoline particle filter reduces oxidative DNA damage in bronchial epithelial cells after whole gasoline exhaust exposure in vitro

Gasoline particle filter reduces oxidative DNA damage in bronchial epithelial cells after whole gasoline exhaust exposure in vitro

Traffic-Related Particulate Matter and Cardiometabolic Syndrome: A Review

Is it the time to study air pollution effects under environmental conditions? A case study to support the shift of in vitro toxicology from the bench to the field

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