“…It is based on alternative deposition of oppositely charged species, encompassing polyelectrolytes, nanoparticles, nanotubes, quantum dots, dyes, or proteins . These coatings can be applied to any shape and size of materials, and films with well-defined architectures, composition, and chemical functionalities can be constructed. , Additionally, these films possess tunable properties since their morphology, internal molecular structure, and thickness can be controlled by varying the deposition conditions, such as ionic strength pH and concentration of the polyelectrolyte solution …”