Effects of Ginseng Polysaccharides on Hepatocellular Energy Metabolism in Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rabbits

Chen, Haie; Ma, Yingchun; Lü, Ying

doi:10.4172/2167-0889.1000107

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…40 In the rabbit model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, GLPS significantly enhances the activity of SOD in liver of rabbit. 31 GLPS-treated rats have increased levels of serum and gastric tissue SOD, CAT and GSH-Px compared to that of control in a dose-dependent manner. 41 GLPS at >400 mg/kg significantly enhances the GSH-Px, CAT and SOD activities in the heart of type II diabetic rat and decreases myocardial MDA level at the same time.…”

Section: Inhibiting Oxidative Stress In Different Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Pretreatment of GLPS significantly reduced levels of ROS and MDA produced by myocardial cells; thus, GLPS plays a direct role in reducing myocardial oxidative stress. 31 Similarly, when PC12 cells are pre-treated for 2 hours with GLPS, it antagonizes the oxidative stress induced by Amyloid b (25-35) (Ab [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] ) that elevates the level of intracellular ROS. 32…”

Section: Scavenging Free Radicals By Glpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 In a rabbit model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, GLPS reduces the level of MDA significantly in liver and prevents liver from damage caused by oxygen free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation. 31 All animals generate multiple antioxidant enzymes, such as Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT). GLPS not only increases the expression of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT that directly scavenges free radicals but also decreases the expression level of the enzymes that produce O À 2 , including NOX, XO and NOS.…”

Section: Inhibiting Oxidative Stress In Different Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical, biochemical, preclinical and clinical studies of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide as an approved drug for treating myopathy and other diseases in China

Zeng

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Ganoderma lucidum is an edible medicinal mushroom known as “Lingzhi” in China and “Reishi or Manetake” in Japan. It is a highly prized vitality‐enhancing herb for more than 2000 years. G. lucidum polysaccharide (GLPS) has been identified as one of the major bioactive components and developed into a drug named “Ji 731 Injection” in China since 1973. The large‐scale production of the drug began in 1985 and approved by the Chinese FDA as “Polysaccharidum of G. lucidum Karst Injection” (Ling Bao Duo Tang Zhu She Ye) in 2000, which is applied intramuscularly. After more than forty years of clinical use, its efficacy, safety and long‐term tolerability have been recognized by neurologists. It is one of a few non‐hormonal drugs used for treating refractory myopathy. It is also used for combination therapy, which reduces the amount of glucocorticoid required for myopathy patient who is in remission. In addition, it reduces adverse reactions and improves the quality of life for cancer patients during chemotherapy. We found 81 qualified chemical, biochemical, preclinical and clinical studies of GLPS both in English and in Chinese spanning from 1973 to 2017 by searching CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang database and PubMed. The molecular mechanisms underlying GLPS's antioxidant, anti‐tumour, immune‐modulatory, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic and other activities are discussed. Both preclinical and clinical studies are either deliberated or indexed in the current article. We aimed at providing a molecular picture as well as a clinical basis to comprehend GLPS as one of few polysaccharide‐based modern medicines with complicated chemical and pharmacological properties that prevent it from entering the world's market.

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Section: Inhibiting Oxidative Stress In Different Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Scavenging Free Radicals By Glpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inhibiting Oxidative Stress In Different Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical, biochemical, preclinical and clinical studies of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide as an approved drug for treating myopathy and other diseases in China

Zeng

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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“…The ATP produced by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is the energy directly utilized by life activities, and its rate is mainly regulated by the ADP/ATP ratio, the carboxylic acid cycle provides more reductases (45). During the metabolic process of cells, ATP, ADP, and AMP are transformed into each other, which changes the contents of the three highenergy compounds in cells, and finally leads to changes in the metabolic capacity of the body (46). In this study, we found that the contents of ADP and ATP were significantly decreased following Pgam1 knockdown, indicating that interfering with Pgam1 gene might reduce the transport processes of ATP and ADP between mitochondria and cytoplasm, inhibit the normal mitochondrial respiratory chain coupling and promote the release of mitochondrial apoptotic factors, thereby reducing the viability of SSCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pgam1-mediated glycolysis pathway in Sertoli cells on Spermatogonial stem cells based on transcriptomics and energy metabolomics

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Spermatogenesis is a complex process involving a variety of intercellular interactions and precise regulation of gene expression. Spermatogenesis is sustained by a foundational Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and in mammalian testis. Sertoli cells (SCs) are the major component of SSC niche. Sertoli cells provide structural support and supply energy substrate for developing germ cells. Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (Pgam1) is a key enzyme in the glycolytic metabolism and our previous work showed that Pgam1 is expressed in SCs. In the present study, hypothesized that Pgam1-depedent glycolysis in SCs plays a functional role in regulating SSCs fate decisions. A co-culture system of murine SCs and primary spermatogonia was constructed to investigate the effects of Pgam1 knockdown or overexpression on SSCs proliferation and differentiation. Transcriptome results indicated that overexpression and knockdown of Pgam1 in SCs resulted in up-regulation of 458 genes (117 down-regulated, 341 up-regulated) and down-regulation of 409 genes (110 down-regulated, 299 up-regulated), respectively. Further analysis of these DEGs revealed that GDNF, FGF2 and other genes that serve key roles in SSCs niche maintenance were regulated by Pgam1. The metabolome results showed that a total of 11 and 16 differential metabolites were identified in the Pgam1 gene overexpression and knockdown respectively. Further screening of these metabolites indicated that Sertoli cell derived glutamate, glutamine, threonine, leucine, alanine, lysine, serine, succinate, fumarate, phosphoenolpyruvate, ATP, ADP, and AMP have potential roles in regulating SSCs proliferation and differentiation. In summary, this study established a SCs-SSCs co-culture system and identified a list of genes and small metabolic molecules that affect the proliferation and differentiation of SSCs. This study provides additional insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying interactions between SCs and SSCs during mammalian spermatogenesis.

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“…Mongardon et al compared I/R injury under normothermic and hypothermic conditions by cross-clamping the aorta in intubated and ventilated rabbits (28). Models of liver I/R applying various ischemia and reperfusion times have been described in literature, using ventilation through tracheostomy, face mask or no ventilatory support (17,20,29,30). Guo et al used no airway or ventilatory support and allowed the recovery of rabbits up to 48 h post-reperfusion after inducing hepatic ischemia for 60 min (23,31).…”

Section: Histology Of Liver Slices 24 H After No Ischemia For the Sham Group (A) And 24 H After 45 Min Of Partial Hepatic Ischemia For Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of a Recovery Model in Rabbits for the Study of the Late Phase of Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Mantelou

Zacharioudaki

Pappas-Gogos

et al. 2021

In Vivo

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Aim: Description of an anesthetic recovery model with endotracheal intubation in rabbits which provides metabolic stability for the study of the late phase of liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Materials and Methods: Two groups of New Zealand rabbits, n=7 in each, were used: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group (45 min of partial liver ischemia/reperfusion) and no intervention (sham) group. Blood alanine aminotransferase, lactate, pH values, mean arterial pressure and pCO 2 were calculated at baseline, and at 2 and 24 h post reperfusion. Tissue samples from left (ischemic) and right (non-ischemic) liver lobes were examined at 2 and 24 h after reperfusion. Results: The I/R group presented significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (p=0.001) at 2 and 24 h, and of lactate (p=0.016) at 2 h post reperfusion. No differences were documented for pH, mean arterial pressure and pCO 2 . Histological exanimation revealed significant injury at 24 h post reperfusion for the I/R group. Conclusion: This anesthetic recovery model permitted avoidance of hypoxia and respiratory acidosis, allowing the study of the late phase of I/R injury.The amelioration of liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is very important in different clinical settings such as in liver resections for hepatic neoplasms, liver transplantation, hemorrhagic shock, and low-flow cardiothoracic surgery. Liver I/R injury has two phases: early (<4 h) and late (4-48 h). The early phase is characterized by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have direct hepatotoxic effects, and by activation of endothelial cells, which release inflammatory mediators. The late phase is characterized by a cellular phase involving the migration and activation of neutrophils, CD4 + T-lymphocytes, and platelets into the liver (1).Τhe importance of the study of the late phase of liver I/R lies in the significance of the reactions that take place and their consequences. Indeed, although ROS which are produced during the initial phase provoke hepatocellular injury, ROS produced by activated neutrophils in the late phase are mainly responsible for the most direct injury to hepatocytes (2). Indeed, the damage produced to the liver during the late phase is more severe compared to the early stage. Recruited neutrophils and hepatocytes, which are attracted by chemokines released from sinusoidal endothelial cells, produce ROS and proteases. The diffusion of ROS into the cytoplasm of liver cells causes dysfunction of the mitochondrial membranes and cellular apoptosis, whereas proteases destroy the basement membrane and extracellular matrix (3).In order to study the late phase of liver I/R injury, a longterm experiment (>8 h) under general anesthesia, or a recovery experiment is required. In the field of hepatic I/R injury, albeit animals such as mice and rats can be easily handled for experimental research purposes, rabbits have several advantages (4). The main advantage over the use of rats is that they allow blood withdrawal at different time points, with mainten...

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Effects of Ginseng Polysaccharides on Hepatocellular Energy Metabolism in Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rabbits

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Chemical, biochemical, preclinical and clinical studies of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide as an approved drug for treating myopathy and other diseases in China

Chemical, biochemical, preclinical and clinical studies of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide as an approved drug for treating myopathy and other diseases in China

Effects of Pgam1-mediated glycolysis pathway in Sertoli cells on Spermatogonial stem cells based on transcriptomics and energy metabolomics

Description of a Recovery Model in Rabbits for the Study of the Late Phase of Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

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