Effects of glyphosate on cholinesterase activity of the mussel Perna perna and the fish Danio rerio and Jenynsia multidentata: In vitro studies

Occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA in an agricultural watershed from the southeastern region of Argentina

“…The levels of glyphosate and AMPA found in the region encourage us to study the occurrence and fate of these contaminants in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Several studies have revealed that glyphosate-based formulations affect the aquatic communities modifying the structure and quality of freshwater ecosystems (Sandrini et al, 2013;Vera et al, 2010). Therefore, the knowledge about persistence, degradation and transport of glyphosate and AMPA in soil profiles is necessary to evaluate the behavior of these compounds in order to find possible strategies of prevention or mitigation of watershed contamination.…”

A Method for Fast Assessment of OP/CB Exposure in the Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Using Combined Esterases Enzyme Activity as Biomarkers

“…This leads to susceptible types in overaccumulation of the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine and subsequent hyperpolarisation of the postsynaptic membrane. Determination of CbE and ChE enzyme activities levels is a valuable, dose dependent means of monitoring exposure to CB and OP pesticides in animal models and other vertebrate species [8]. …”

“…Therefore, the degree of decreases associated with toxicity is highly variable [10]. Generally, the enzyme activity may be modulated by seasonal and nutritional variables [8] or by chronic toxic exposures which can lead to higher levels of enzyme activity [6]. Quails are found widely in coastal and shallow temperate areas as large beds in both natural waters and brackish estuaries where agricultural excess at its peak.…”

Liquid chromatographic determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid residues in rapeseed with MS/MS detection or derivatization/fluorescence detection

“…However, this is controversial since several studies suggest toxic effects [10][11][12][13][14]. Maximum glyphosate residue levels (MRLs) are around 0.1 mg kg -1 for most plant products in the European Union, and 30 mg kg -1 for cereal grains (Codex Alimentarius), depending on the crop, country, and organization.…”