Effects of grain processing and supplementation with exogenous amylase on nutrient digestibility in feedlot diets

DiLorenzo, Nicolás; Smith, Douglas R.; Quinn, M.J.; May, Michael L.; Ponce, C. H.; Steinberg, W.; Engstrom, M.; Galyean, M. L.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2010.11.003

Cited by 45 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Despite the improved ruminal starch digestion with amylase supplementation, total-tract starch digestion was not modified, reflecting the ability of the intes- tine to digest starch escaping ruminal digestion, which can be up to 3 g/d per kg of BW (Huntington, 1997;Offner and Sauvant, 2004;Nozière et al, 2010). Previous studies reported a numerical increase in total-tract digestibility of starch with amylase-supplemented diets in dairy cows (Hristov et al, 2008;Klingerman et al, 2009;Weiss et al, 2011) or in beef steers (DiLorenzo et al, 2011), but it never exceeded 1.7% and was not always observed (McCarthy et al, 2013). It is worth noting that starch was highly degradable in the present work, with an average digestibility of 78 and 98% at the ruminal and total-tract levels, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In this context, the use of exogenous amylase as a feed additive for high-producing ruminants is of interest (McCarthy et al, 2013). Several studies have demonstrated that exogenous amylase preparations resistant to ruminal degradation are able to improve OM digestibility in dairy cows (Hristov et al, 2008;Klingerman et al, 2009;Gencoglu et al, 2010) or beef steers (DiLorenzo et al, 2011). This increased OM digestibility was associated, in some cases, with improved NDF digestibility, whereas no effect on starch digestibility (Gado et al, 2009;Klingerman et al, 2009;Gencoglu et al, 2010) or on true digestibility of OM in the rumen (Hristov et al, 2008) was found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amylase addition increases starch ruminal digestion in first-lactation cows fed high and low starch diets

Nozière

Steinberg²,

Silberberg

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an exogenous amylase preparation on digestion of low- and high-starch diets in dairy cattle. Rumen and total-tract nutrient digestibility were measured in a 4×4 Latin square design with 28-d periods using 4 first-lactation cows cannulated at the rumen and duodenum. Corn silage-based diets had 20 or 30% starch, attained by changing the composition of concentrate, with or without addition of an exogenous amylase preparation. Effects of the enzyme additive were observed on ruminal digestibility but not at the total-tract level. Ruminal digestibility of starch increased from 75% in control to 81% with amylase supplementation. This difference in ruminal starch digestion was compensated postruminally, so that the total-tract digestibility of starch was almost complete and did not differ between treatments. The amylase supplement also increased the true ruminal digestibility of organic matter but did not affect microbial N flow to the duodenum. Amylase supplement reduced the proportion of acetate and butyrate and increased that of propionate, particularly in the high-starch diet, where it tended to increase the concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the rumen. Other effects were a higher amylase activity in the solid-associated microbial community and a tendency for lower numbers of protozoa. In contrast, we observed no changes in intake, production, dry matter and fiber (neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber) digestibility, or ruminal digestion, and no or small changes on selected fibrolytic and amylolytic bacteria and on the microbial community in general. We conclude that the exogenous amylase improved starch digestion in the rumen in first-lactation cows with moderate intake and production levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amylase addition increases starch ruminal digestion in first-lactation cows fed high and low starch diets

Nozière

Steinberg²,

Silberberg

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Exogenous amylases increase ruminal butyrate concentration that serves as a source of energy for tissues without increasing starch digestibility in the rumen (Tricarico, Johnston, & Dawson, ). Several studies demonstrated that supplemental amylase improved dry matter intake (DMI), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility and weight gain (DiLorenzo et al., ; Gado, Salem, Robinson, & Hassan, ; Tricarico et al., ). In terms of α‐amylase from Aspergillus oryzae , supplementation of 240–662 dextrinizing units (DU) fungal α‐amylase per kg DM to dairy cows (DeFrain, Hippen, Kalscheur, & Tricarico, ; Tricarico et al., ) improved milk yield (+0.6 to +1.5 kg/day), and 580–950 DU α‐amylase per kg DM to finishing beef cattle enhanced DMI, average daily gain (ADG) but did not affect carcass yield grade or characteristics (Tricarico et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle and liver gene expression profiles in finishing steers supplemented with Amaize

Elolimy

Moisá

Brennan

et al. 2018

Animal Science Journal

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Our main objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding α-amylase (Amaize, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, USA) for 140 days on skeletal muscle and liver gene transcription in beef steers. Steers fed Amaize had lower average daily gain (p = .03) and gain:feed ratio (p = .05). No differences (p > .10) in serum metabolites or carcass traits were detected between the two groups but Amaize steers tended (p < .15) to have increased 12th rib fat depth. Microarray analysis of skeletal muscle revealed 21 differentially expressed genes (DEG), where 14 were up-regulated and seven were down-regulated in Amaize-fed steers. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that metabolic pathways involved in fat formation and deposition, stress response, and muscle function were activated, while myogenesis was inhibited in Amaize-fed steers. The quantitative PCR results for liver revealed a decrease (p < .01) in expression of fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1) with Amaize. Because these genes are key for intracellular fatty acid transport, oxidation and ketone body production, data suggest a reduction in hepatic lipid catabolism. Future work to investigate potential positive effects of Amaize on cellular stress response, muscle function, and liver function in beef cattle appears warranted.

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“…Nevertheless, results obtained in the literature are inconsistent regarding the enzymes use on performance of the animals in these dietary conditions (Beauchemin, Rode, & Sewalt, 1995;DiLorenzo et al, 2011;Hristov, McAllister, & Cheng, 2000;Oliveira et al, 2015). This inconsistency of results can be attributed in part to differences in activity and characteristics of the enzymes used in each study, as well as physical and chemical properties of the diet, since enzymes performance are related with substrate specificity (Meale, Beauchemin, Hristov, Chaves, & McAllister, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Xylanase - complex efficacy in high-energy diet for bulls finished in feedlot

Neumann

Leão

Vigne

et al. 2017

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. Enzymes can be an interesting additive in high energy diets for feedlot cattle. However, literature is inconsistent on this subject. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate animal performance of feedlot bulls receiving high energy diet, composed of a mixture of 85% whole corn grain and 15% proteinmineral-vitamin nucleus, without or with xylanase included in the diets. Diets consisted of: CON -diet without enzymes (Control) and ENZ -diet with enzymes (5 g animal day -1). Thirty-two bulls were used, with an average age of 11 ± 2 months, average initial weight of 365 ± 5 kg, and finished for 119 days in feedlot. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of two treatments and eight replications, where each replication was represented by a stall with two animals. ENZ increased the weight gain (1.69 vs. 1.33 kg day -1) and improved the feed conversion (4.60 vs. 6.03 kg -1 ) in the adaptation period of the animals. Animals receiving ENZ increased 1.65% of carcass yield and were 7.57% more efficient in the conversion of dry matter consumed into carcass gain in relation to CON. Carcass traits of feedlot-finished bulls were not altered by inclusion of enzymes. Xylanase-complex could increase efficiency in feedlot bulls.Keywords: beef cattle, feed additive, ruminant nutrition.Eficiência do complexo xilanase em dietas de alta energia para touros terminados em confinamento RESUMO. As enzimas podem ser aditivos interessantes em dietas de alta energia para gado em confinamento. No entanto, a literatura é inconsistente para este assunto. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar o desempenho de touros em confinamento com dietas de alta densidade energética, composto apenas de uma mistura de 85% de grãos de milho inteiros e 15% de núcleo proteico-vitamínico-mineral, com ou sem inclusão de enzimas à base de xilanase. Os tratamentos foram CON -dieta sem enzimas (controle) e ENZ -dieta com enzimas (5 g animal dia -1 ). Foram utilizados 32 touros, com idade média de 11 ± 2, peso inicial médio de 365 kg ± 5 e terminados por 119 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, consistindo em dois tratamentos e oito repetições, em que cada repetição foi representada por uma baia com dois animais. ENZ aumentou o ganho de peso (1,69 vs. 1,33 kg dia -1 ) e melhorou a conversão alimentar (4,60 vs. 6,03 kg -1 ) na fase de adaptação dos animais em confinamento. Os animais que receberam ENZ aumentaram 1,65% do rendimento de carcaça e foram 7,57% mais eficientes na transformação da matéria seca consumida no ganho de carcaça em relação ao CON. As características de carcaça de touros terminados em confinamento não foram alteradas em função da inclusão de enzimas. O complexo de xilanase pode aumentar eficiência de touros de confinamento.Palavras-chave: bovinos de corte, aditivo alimentar, nutrição de ruminantes.

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Effects of grain processing and supplementation with exogenous amylase on nutrient digestibility in feedlot diets

Cited by 45 publications

References 21 publications

Amylase addition increases starch ruminal digestion in first-lactation cows fed high and low starch diets

Amylase addition increases starch ruminal digestion in first-lactation cows fed high and low starch diets

Skeletal muscle and liver gene expression profiles in finishing steers supplemented with Amaize

<b>Xylanase - complex efficacy in high-energy diet for bulls finished in feedlot

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