Effects of grain size on domain structure and ferroelectric properties of barium zirconate titanate ceramics

Effect of sintering temperature on structural and dielectric properties of Bi and Li co-substituted barium titanate ceramic

“…It is observed that the relative density of Ba 0.98 (Bi,Li) 0.02 TiO 3 ceramic increased with increasing sintering temperature [13,18], also the average grain size increased with increasing sintering temperature which is in agreement with reported microstructure in BZT ceramics [19,20]. Wagner two layer models for interfacial or space charge polarization with phenomenological theory [21], according to this model the dielectric materials consist of a considerable number of conducting grains which are isolated by thin insulating grain boundaries.…”

Effects of sintering temperature on the microstructure and dielectric properties of BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 ceramics

“…The average grain sizes increases with the sintering temperature which is mainly due to the grain boundary mobility [4]. The appearance of domain structure in the high resolution SEM in these compounds was reported earlier [17,18]. In the present work, the domains are visible and can be seen in Fig.…”

“…2 (b). Cai et al reported that the grain sizes influenced types of domains in BZT ceramics and no 901-domains were observed in those ceramics with large grain sizes according to the SEM micrographs analysis [17]. Furthermore they found that the formation of 901-and 1801-domains in small grain sizes reduced the strain energy and the depolarization energy, whereas in large grain sizes the energy was reduced by formation of 1801-domains.…”

The effects of grain size on electrical properties and domain structure of BiFeO3 thin films by sol–gel method

“…It is due to that energy barrier for switching ferroelectric domain must be broken through and energy barrier decreases as grain size increases. So reversal polarization process of a ferroelectric domain is much easier inside a large grain than in a small grain [48]. Thirdly, the remnant polarization of BFO thin films with different grain sizes decreases as test frequency increases.…”

“…On the one hand, both domain wall motion and domain switching in the sample with small grain size become relative difficult due to the enhanced clamping effect by the neighboring grains and the absence of domain walls [47] so that contributions from domain wall to the polarization reduce, which results in lower remnant polarization. On the other hand, it is well known that grain boundary is paraelectric region so that the remnant polarization of ferroelectrics with smaller grain size (the more grain boundary) is lower [48]. Moreover, the coercive electric field (E C ) of the sample with small grain size is higher than that of the sample with large grain size.…”