Effects of grain species, genotype and starch quantity on the postprandial plasma amino acid response in horses

Bachmann, Martin; Czetö, Aniko; Romanowski, Kristin; Vernunft, Andreas; Wensch-Dorendorf, Monika; Wolf, Petra; Metges, C. C.; Zeyner, Annette

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.02.008

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In this previous study (Yoshida & Ohta, ), however, plasma amino acid concentration was the only measured variable with no significant body weight changes. As plasma amino acid profile alone is an insensitive measurement for amino acid requirement estimation without additional measurements such as IAAO (Bachmann et al., ; Pencharz & Ball, ), a direct comparison between the previous study (Yoshida & Ohta, ) and the present study might not allow a definitive confirmation of a threonine requirement lower than 41 mg/kg BW/day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique to study threonine requirements in horses receiving a predominantly forage diet

Mok

Levesque

Urschel

2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Threonine has been reported to be the second limiting amino acid in typical equine diets, but its actual requirement has not been determined in horses. To evaluate amino acid metabolism and requirements, the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method has been successfully used in other species. The objective of this research was to estimate threonine requirements in mature horses fed timothy hay and concentrate in 4:1 ratio using the IAAO method. Six Thoroughbred mares (579.9 ± 46.7 kg) received each of 6 levels of threonine intake, 41, 51, 61, 70, 80 and 89 mg/kg BW/day, in a randomly determined order. Each study period was 7-day long, and on day 6, blood samples were collected before and 90 min after feeding to measure amino acid concentrations using HPLC. On day 7, horses underwent IAAO procedures, which included a 2-hr primed, constant intravenous infusion of [ C]sodium bicarbonate to measure total CO production and a 4-hr primed, constant oral administration of [1- C]phenylalanine to estimate phenylalanine oxidation to CO . Blood and breath samples were collected to measure blood [ C]phenylalanine, using GC-MS analysis and breath CO enrichment, using an infrared isotope analyser. Increasing threonine intake levels did not affect plasma phenylalanine oxidation by the ANOVA test (p > 0.05) but resulted in a linear decrease in phenylalanine oxidation (p = 0.04) without a breakpoint by the orthogonal linear contrast. This study is the first attempt to evaluate threonine requirements in horses by the IAAO method; however, threonine requirements are still unknown in mature horses at this time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique to study threonine requirements in horses receiving a predominantly forage diet

Mok

Levesque

Urschel

2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…In contrast, a relative increase of >150% was reported when hay was fed before concentrate [ 22 , 44 ]. Furthermore, factors such as age, fasting period before the feeding of the test diet, and protein source have been reported to influence ppr Lys changes [ 15 , 46 ]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the effect of the solubility of the CP fractions and the distribution of Lys over the protein fractions on the ppr changes in plasma Lys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the pcdCP can be estimated [ 1 ]. The AA profiles of NDICP and NDSCP appear to be similar regardless of their solubility [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. For AA, like for the protein, it is assumed that 90% of the NDSCP-bound fraction is pre-cecally digestible (pcdAA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protein Evaluation of Feedstuffs for Horses

Bockisch

Taubert

Coenen

et al. 2023

Animals

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The German Society of Nutrition Physiology has proposed a new protein evaluation system for horse feeds to estimate pre-cecally digestible crude protein (pcdCP) and amino acids (pcdAA) from chemical properties. A total of 71 feeds for horses were chemically tested and evaluated according to the new protein evaluation system. A feeding trial with eight horses tested whether differences in estimated pcdAA and neutral detergent soluble CP (NDSCP) in the diet were reflected by post-prandial (ppr) kinetics of plasma lysine (Lys) by feeding a complementary feed (control = CTRL) with 1.02 g Lys/100 kg body weight (BW) as well as three diets with 3.02 g Lys/100 kg BW, as follows: (i) CTRL with synthetic AA (CTRL + synAA); (ii) CTRL with soybean meal (CTRL + SBM); and (iii) lucerne pellets (LUC). In comparison to CTRL, the areas of curves (AUCs) of ppr plasma Lys differed: CTRL < CTRL + SBM (p < 0.01) < CTRL + synAA (p < 0.05). For 71 feeds, the estimated pcdCP was correlated with the CP content (p < 0.001), NDSCP (p < 0.001), and ash-free neutral detergent fiber (p < 0.001). A mean neutral detergent insoluble CP content of at least 3–5% can be assumed in horse feed. It is speculated that the predicted availability of Lys from LUC seems to be underestimated by the new protein evaluating system. The influence of chewing and microbiota in vivo needs to be considered in horses.

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“…Indeed, increased CK and AST activities have been linked to intestinal ischemia [ 42 ] which in turn might compromise intestinal barrier and consequently facilitate the transfer of DON and endotoxins giving rise to systemic inflammation. The Kyn to Trp ratio responds not only to inflammation [ 29 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 43 ] but also to feed and consequently Trp intake [ 44 , 45 ] as can be clearly deduced from the kinetic study. Here, the ratio progressed inversely to that of Trp with no changes in Kyn at the same time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Inner Exposure of Horses to Zearalenone (ZEN), Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Their Metabolites in Relation to Colic and Health-Related Clinical-Chemical Traits

Dänicke

Saltzmann

Liermann

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Mycotoxin contaminated feed has been associated with colic of horses caused by intestinal disorders. Whether such disease conditions alter the intestinal toxin metabolism and transfer across a compromised mucosal barrier is unknown. A screening approach was used to relate blood residue levels of DON, ZEN and their metabolites to the status of the horses (sick vs. healthy). A total of 55 clinically healthy horses from 6 different farms with varying feeding background served as control for sick horses (N = 102) hospitalized due to colic. ZEN, alpha-zearalenol (ZEL), beta-ZEL and DON were detectable in peripheral blood as indicators for the inner exposure with significant farm effects for alpha- and beta-ZEL. However, the levels in sick horses were similar to all farms. Moreover, the proportion of beta-ZEL of all detected ZEN metabolites as an indicator for the degree of metabolism of ZEN was not different for sick horses but differed amongst the control farms. Although the incidence of DON in blood was generally low and not significantly different amongst healthy and sick horses, the positive samples were nearly exclusively found in sick horses suggesting either a higher toxin transfer, an association of DON with the development of colic or a different feeding background.

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Effects of grain species, genotype and starch quantity on the postprandial plasma amino acid response in horses

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique to study threonine requirements in horses receiving a predominantly forage diet

Using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique to study threonine requirements in horses receiving a predominantly forage diet

Protein Evaluation of Feedstuffs for Horses

Evaluation of Inner Exposure of Horses to Zearalenone (ZEN), Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Their Metabolites in Relation to Colic and Health-Related Clinical-Chemical Traits

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