Effects of graphene oxide and chemically reduced graphene oxide on the curing kinetics of epoxy amine composites

Monteserín, Cristina; Blanco, Miren; Aranzabe, Estíbaliz; Aranzabe, Ana; Vilas, José Luis

doi:10.1002/app.44803

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…By increasing the filler content to 0.8 wt %, the broad peak continues to shift to the left with a peak temperature at 259 °C. This indicates that imidazole modified GO can indeed play the role in catalyzing epoxy resin-anhydride curing system, and the increase in the content of IMD-Si@GO results in a higher reaction rate [ 36 , 37 ]. Additionally it is obvious that a small peak appears at around 191 °C by adding IMD-Si@GO nanosheets, without movement when the filler content rises.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Modified Graphene Oxide: As a Reinforcing Filler and Catalyst in Epoxy Resin

Lyu

Yan

et al. 2017

Polymers

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Surface modification of graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most important issues to produce high performance GO/epoxy composites. In this paper, the imidazole ionic liquid (IMD-Si) was introduced onto the surface of GO sheets by a cheap and simple method, to prepare a reinforcing filler, as well as a catalyst in epoxy resin. The interlayer spacing of GO sheets was obviously increased by the intercalation of IMD-Si, which strongly facilitated the dispersibility of graphene oxide in organic solvents and epoxy matrix. The addition of 0.4 wt % imidazolium ionic liquid modified graphene oxide (IMD-Si@GO), yielded a 12% increase in flexural strength (141.3 MPa), a 26% increase in flexural modulus (4.69 GPa), and a 52% increase in impact strength (18.7 kJ/m 2 ), compared to the neat epoxy. Additionally the IMD-Si@GO sheets could catalyze the curing reaction of epoxy resin-anhydride system significantly. Moreover, the improved thermal conductivities and thermal stabilities of epoxy composites filled with IMD-Si@GO were also demonstrated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Modified Graphene Oxide: As a Reinforcing Filler and Catalyst in Epoxy Resin

Lyu

Yan

et al. 2017

Polymers

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“…Understanding the curing behavior of epoxy systems is essential because the thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy composites depend on the formation of the crosslinked molecular network in the system and the structure of the interphase region between the continuous phase (resin) and on the discontinuous phase (reinforcement). In a previous research, the curing kinetics of epoxy nanocomposites prepared by incorporating graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been studied using isothermal and non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry [ 34 ]. The GO load in epoxy amine systems resulted in a decrease of peak exotherm temperature and a reduction in the curing times, indicating a significant enhancement of curing reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Graphene Oxide and Chemically-Reduced Graphene Oxide on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Amine Composites

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Composites based on epoxy/graphene oxide (GO) and epoxy/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were investigated for thermal-mechanical performance focusing on the effects of the chemical groups present on nanoadditive-enhanced surfaces. GO and rGO obtained in the present study have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) demonstrating that materials with different oxidation degrees have been obtained. Thereafter, GO/epoxy and rGO/epoxy nanocomposites were successfully prepared and thoroughly characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A significant increase in the glass transition temperature was found in comparison with the neat epoxy. The presence of functional groups on the graphene surface leads to chemical interactions between these functional groups on GO and rGO surfaces with the epoxy, contributing to the possible formation of covalent bonds between GO and rGO with the matrix. The presence of oxidation groups on GO also contributes to an improved exfoliation, intercalation, and distribution of the GO sheets in the composites with respect to the rGO based composites.

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“…The results are consistent with a study by Yousefi et al [56], where an increase in T g was observed for GO filler loadings of 0.5-2 wt.% in an epoxy matrix. Improvements in the T g value have been attributed to higher cross-link density due to reactions between the oxygen containing functional groups on GO and the epoxy matrix [66]. This suggests that the addition of small amounts (<0.6 wt.%) of GO to the bio-epoxy did not interfere with polymer chain mobility upon curing which resulted in greater cross-linking density with a decrease in the polymer chain mobility.…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Graphene Oxide as a Reinforcement in a Bio-Epoxy Composite

et al. 2021

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Graphene oxide (GO) has gained interest within the materials research community. The presence of functional groups on GO offers exceptional bonding capabilities and improved performance in lightweight polymer composites. A literature review on the tensile and flexural mechanical properties of synthetic epoxy/GO composites was conducted that showed differences from one study to another, which may be attributed to the oxidation level of the prepared GO. Herein, GO was synthesized from oxidation of graphite flakes using the modified Hummers method, while bio-epoxy/GO composites (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.6 wt.% GO) were prepared using a solution mixing route. The GO was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. The thermal properties of composites were assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). FTIR results confirmed oxidation of graphite was successful. SEM showed differences in fractured surfaces, which implies that GO modified the bio-epoxy polymer to some extent. Addition of 0.3 wt.% GO filler was determined to be an optimum amount as it enhanced the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus by 23, 35, 17 and 31%, respectively, compared to pure bio-epoxy. Improvements in strength were achieved with considerably lower loadings than traditional fillers. Compared to the bio-epoxy, the 0.6 wt.% GO composite had the highest thermal stability and a slightly higher (positive) glass transition temperature (Tg) was increased by 3.5 °C, relative to the pristine bio-epoxy (0 wt.% GO).

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Effects of graphene oxide and chemically reduced graphene oxide on the curing kinetics of epoxy amine composites

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Modified Graphene Oxide: As a Reinforcing Filler and Catalyst in Epoxy Resin

Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Modified Graphene Oxide: As a Reinforcing Filler and Catalyst in Epoxy Resin

Effects of Graphene Oxide and Chemically-Reduced Graphene Oxide on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Amine Composites

Effect of Graphene Oxide as a Reinforcement in a Bio-Epoxy Composite

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