Effects of Green Manure Application and Prolonging Mid-Season Drainage on Greenhouse Gas Emission from Paddy Fields in Ehime, Southwestern Japan

Toma, Yo; Sari, Nilam; Akamatsu, Koh; Oomori, Shingo; Nagata, Osamu; Nishimura, Seiichi; Purwanto, Benito Heru; Ueno, Hideto

doi:10.3390/agriculture9020029

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These studies also indicate that the effects of straw addition on CH 4 emissions are sturdily dependent on management (water management that promotes aerobic conditions during drainage) and climatic conditions, as reported in our previous study [34]. It can also be attributed, however, to the delay in reducing N 2 O to N 2 by denitrification [57].…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas Fluxes (R M Ch 4 and N 2 O)supporting

confidence: 75%

“…In this study, total N 2 O emissions were higher in the fallow season than in the rice growing season, possibly due to the comparatively low rate of N fertilization, rice straw, and water management. Nishimura et al [56] and Toma et al [57] have reported similar findings. During the rice growing season, we observed very low N 2 O emissions, although these fields received enormous amounts of rice straw and different water management.…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas Fluxes (R M Ch 4 and N 2 O)supporting

confidence: 53%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbon Sequestration and Contribution of CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes to Global Warming Potential from Paddy-Fallow Fields on Mineral Soil Beneath Peat in Central Hokkaido, Japan

et al. 2019

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Since each greenhouse gas (GHG) has its own radiative capacity, all three gasses (CO2, CH4 and N2O) must be accounted for by calculating the net global warming potential (GWP) in a crop production system. To compare the impact of GHG fluxes from the rice growing and the fallow season on the annual gas fluxes, and their contribution to the GWP and carbon sequestration (CS) were evaluated. From May to April in Bibai (43°18′ N, 141°44′ E), in central Hokkaido, Japan, three rice paddy fields under actual management conditions were investigated to determine CS and the contribution of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes to GWP. Methane and N2O fluxes were measured by placing the chamber over the rice plants covering four hills and CO2 fluxes from rice plants root free space in paddy fields were taken as an indicator of soil microbial respiration (Rm) using the closed chamber method. Soil CS was calculated as the difference between net primary production (NPP) and loss of carbon (C) through Rm, emission of CH4 and harvest of crop C. Annual cumulative Rm ranged from 422 to 519 g C m−2 yr−1; which accounted for 54.7 to 55.5% of the rice growing season in particular. Annual cumulative CH4 emissions ranged from 75.5 to 116 g C m−2 yr−1 and this contribution occurred entirely during the rice growing period. Total cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 0.091 to 0.154 g N m−2 yr−1 and from 73.5 to 81.3% of the total N2O emissions recorded during the winter-fallow season. The CS ranged from −305 to −365 g C m−2 yr−1, suggesting that C input by NPP may not be compensate for the loss of soil C. The loss of C in the winter-fallow season was much higher (62 to 66%) than in the growing season. The annual net GWP from the investigated paddy fields ranged from 3823 to 5016 g CO2 equivalent m−2 yr−1. Annual GWPCH4 accounted for 71.9 to 86.1% of the annual net GWP predominantly from the rice growing period. These results indicate that CH4 dominated the net GWP of the rice paddy.

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Section: Greenhouse Gas Fluxes (R M Ch 4 and N 2 O)supporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Greenhouse Gas Fluxes (R M Ch 4 and N 2 O)supporting

confidence: 53%

Carbon Sequestration and Contribution of CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes to Global Warming Potential from Paddy-Fallow Fields on Mineral Soil Beneath Peat in Central Hokkaido, Japan

et al. 2019

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“…This study is supported by the findings of Sampanpanish, 28 who reported that the highest application rate of cow dung manure (12.5 t ha −1 ) in rice production in Thailand resulted in the highest rate of methane emissions (4.94 mg m −2 day −1 ) because CH 4 is produced by transforming carbon from organic substrate decomposition into methane. Toma et al 29 . reported higher CH 4 emission (120 mg C m −2 h −1 ) from a higher application rate of plant biomass carbon (green manure at 40 kg ha −1 , weeds and belowground biomass) in paddy fields in southwestern Japan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gas emissions, grain yield and water productivity: a paddy rice field case study based in Myanmar

Win

Bellingrath-Kimura

et al. 2020

Greenhouse Gases

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Climate change is a vital environmental issue that significantly affects rice productivity. Rice paddy fields are one of the greatest anthropogenic sources of methane (CH 4) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. To evaluate the combined effects of manure amendment and water management on GHG emissions, grain yield and water productivity per rice yield in a lowland rice field with a sandy clay loam soil in Myanmar, this study was conducted with a split-plot design. Two water management practices (continuous flooding [CF] and alternate wetting and drying [AWD]) and four levels of cow dung manure (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t ha −1) were applied with three replications in the dry (February-May) and wet (July-October) seasons in 2017. In the dry season, significantly higher cumulative methane (CH 4) emissions (50.5%) were recorded in CF than in AWD, while cumulative nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions were 70% higher in AWD than in CF, although the difference was not significant. Manure application showed no effect on CH 4 and N 2 O emissions compared with the no-manure control, irrespective of application level. In the wet season, significantly higher cumulative CH 4 emissions (65.2%) were again recorded in CF than in AWD; however, the cumulative N 2 O emissions were similar between CF and AWD. Methane and N 2 O emissions in the wet season were 65.8 and 35.8% higher, respectively, than those in the dry season. In both seasons, higher grain yields (1.8% in dry and 7.6% in wet) and higher water productivity (130% in dry and 31% in wet) were recorded in AWD than in CF. Increased grain yields (18.9% in dry and 7.7% in wet) and water productivity (25.5% in dry and 15.8% in wet) were recorded in the manure treatments compared to those in the no-manure treatment. This study presents quantitative data on how manure amendment and water management affected GHG emissions in a paddy field in Myanmar.

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“…In these calculations, the GWP values for CH 4 and N 2 O were considered to be 34 and 298, respectively, ( IPCC, 2013 ). The GWP and soil C sequestration calculations were as below ( Toma et al., 2019 ): GWP CH 4 to CO 2eq = CH 4 –C emission × 16/12 × 34 GWP N 2O to CO 2eq = N 2 O–N emission × 44/28 × 298

where C tre is the soil C content in each treatment after rice cultivation (g kg −1 dry soil), C bef is the soil C content before the experiment (14.50 g kg −1 dry soil), S dw is the amount of soil in the pot at the start of the experiment (4.9 kg dry weight), P area is the pot area (m −2 ), multiplied by a ratio of molecular weight of CO 2 to C (44/12) to calculate C sequestration in CO 2 equivalent. The ratios of 16/12 and 44/28 were used to convert CH 4 –C to CH 4 and N 2 O–N to N 2 O, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-application of poultry-litter biochar with Azolla has synergistic effects on CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddy soils

Kimani

Bimantara

Hattori

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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Poultry-litter biochar and Azolla as green manure amendments are reported to enhance paddy soil fertility and rice yields. However, whether their co-application in lowland rice paddies has synergistic effects and whether those benefits are accompanied by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of poultry-litter biochar (hereafter: biochar) and its co-application with Azolla as green manure (hereafter: Azolla), on the simultaneous methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from a lowland paddy soil planted with rice during a single rice growing season in Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan. Biochar and Azolla amendments were applied once before rice was transplanted at a density of 20 t ha −1 and 133.9 kg N ha −1 , respectively. Compared with NPK, NPK + biochar, and Azolla only treatments, Azolla and biochar co-application (i.e., Azolla + biochar) significantly increased CH 4 emissions by 33%–197.6% in the early stages of rice growth (before 63 days after transplanting, DAT), but did not significantly influence CH 4 emissions at both late rice growth stages (after 63 DAT,) and whole rice growth period (112 DAT). Conversely, Azolla + biochar significantly reduced N 2 O emissions by 83.0%–97.1% before 63 DAT, and by 76.4%–95.9% during the whole rice growth period at 112 DAT, with a significantly high interaction between biochar and fertilizer amendments. There were no significant N 2 O emission differences among all treatments after 63 DAT. Additionally, Azolla + biochar significantly increased rice grain yield by 27.3%–75.0%, and consequently, decreased both yield-equivalent CH 4 emissions by 24.7%–25.0% and N 2 O emissions by 81.8%–97.7%. Our findings suggest that the co-application of poultry-litter biochar and Azolla as green manure offers a novel approach to increase rice yield while reducing the emissions of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases.

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Effects of Green Manure Application and Prolonging Mid-Season Drainage on Greenhouse Gas Emission from Paddy Fields in Ehime, Southwestern Japan

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Carbon Sequestration and Contribution of CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes to Global Warming Potential from Paddy-Fallow Fields on Mineral Soil Beneath Peat in Central Hokkaido, Japan

Carbon Sequestration and Contribution of CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes to Global Warming Potential from Paddy-Fallow Fields on Mineral Soil Beneath Peat in Central Hokkaido, Japan

Greenhouse gas emissions, grain yield and water productivity: a paddy rice field case study based in Myanmar

Co-application of poultry-litter biochar with Azolla has synergistic effects on CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddy soils

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