Greenhouse gas emissions, grain yield and water productivity: a paddy rice field case study based in Myanmar

Abstract

Climate change is a vital environmental issue that significantly affects rice productivity. Rice paddy fields are one of the greatest anthropogenic sources of methane (CH 4) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. To evaluate the combined effects of manure amendment and water management on GHG emissions, grain yield and water productivity per rice yield in a lowland rice field with a sandy clay loam soil in Myanmar, this study was conducted with a split-plot design. Two water management practices (continuous flooding [CF] and alternate wetting and drying [AWD]) and four levels of cow dung manure (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t ha −1) were applied with three replications in the dry (February-May) and wet (July-October) seasons in 2017. In the dry season, significantly higher cumulative methane (CH 4) emissions (50.5%) were recorded in CF than in AWD, while cumulative nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions were 70% higher in AWD than in CF, although the difference was not significant. Manure application showed no effect on CH 4 and N 2 O emissions compared with the no-manure control, irrespective of application level. In the wet season, significantly higher cumulative CH 4 emissions (65.2%) were again recorded in CF than in AWD; however, the cumulative N 2 O emissions were similar between CF and AWD. Methane and N 2 O emissions in the wet season were 65.8 and 35.8% higher, respectively, than those in the dry season. In both seasons, higher grain yields (1.8% in dry and 7.6% in wet) and higher water productivity (130% in dry and 31% in wet) were recorded in AWD than in CF. Increased grain yields (18.9% in dry and 7.7% in wet) and water productivity (25.5% in dry and 15.8% in wet) were recorded in the manure treatments compared to those in the no-manure treatment. This study presents quantitative data on how manure amendment and water management affected GHG emissions in a paddy field in Myanmar.

Assessment of post-harvest losses and carbon footprint in intensive lowland rice production in Myanmar

“…( 6 ). where GHG cultivation for the irrigated rice cultivation in Myanmar was about 2000 and 1200 kgCO 2 -eq ha −1 in WS and DS, repectively, as reported in recent research at the same site 40 . GHGE of harvest and post-harvest operations were calculated based on emissions generated during production of harvest and post-harvest equipment, input materials, and fuel consumption during operations.…”

“…Although, this would mainly affect estimates of the harvesting loss, and was already reflected in the sensitivity analysis of the cost-benefits. Third, the energy associated with the rice straw was accounted for but for GHG emissions estimates for in-field emmisions were based on data from a previous study 40 . Finally, conversion factors for input materials and power consumption were cited from the Ecoinvent 3 database, based on the general region “rest of the world (RoW)” that including Myanmar.…”

International Analysis of the Nutritional Content and a Review of Health Benefits of Non-Dairy Plant-Based Beverages

“…On the other hand, hazelnuts are pollinated by the wind rather than the honeybee, and grow in moist climates where water needs are much less of an issue. Rice is not only a high water consumer [ 47 ], it produces more GHG emissions than any other crop used for plant-based beverages [ 50 ]. The coconut tree impacts tropical biodiversity.…”

Field Validation of the DNDC-Rice Model for Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Double-Cropping Paddy Rice under Different Irrigation Practices in Tamil Nadu, India

“…Water management is one of the most effective options for reducing CH 4 emission from irrigated rice. Recently, midseason drainage and alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) practice have been promoted as a strategy to decrease CH 4 emissions from paddy rice fields [3,[5][6][7][8]. However, it can result in increased N 2 O emissions due to a trade-off between CH 4 and N 2 O [2,3,9].…”