Effects of Gum Guar, Locust Bean Gum and Carrageenan on Liver Cholesterol of Cholesterol-Fed Rats.

Ershoff, Benjamin H.; Wells, Arthur F.

doi:10.3181/00379727-110-27585

Cited by 62 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…It has been confirmed that pectin16, 18,31,[33][34][35][36], mannan29,38-41), carboxymethylcellulose29), roughages31,38-41) such as oat hulls and alfalfa, and gumms18,32) have a hypocholesterolemic effect in rats and rabbits when added to the diet containing cholesterol. In chicks, FISHER et al 42) found that pectin played a role in depressing plasma cholesterol and retarded atherosclerosis in chicks fed a cholesterol-rich diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Fibers on Liver Lipid Accumulation in Chicks

Akiba¹,

Matsumoto²

1977

Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho

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Effect of dietary fibers such as cellulose, pectin and konjac mannan on lipid metabolism, especially on liver lipid accumulation, were investigated in three experiments on growing chicks. Each dietary fiber was supplemented at the level of 4 percent to a basal fiber-free diet or a semipurified diet containing 0.5 percent crude fiber, and the diets were fed for 54, 32, or 19 days from 14 day of age, respectively. Feeding of cellulose had no effect on the body weight gain, but feeding of pectin or mannan depressed growth of chicks. Liver weight decreased in chicks fed cellulose for 32 or 54 days and liver lipid decreased by approximately 20 to 30 percent in comparison with chicks fed no fiber. Similar depression in liver lipid was observed in chicks fed pectin or mannan.Percentage of triglyceride in liver lipids was significantly decreased by feeding of dietary fibers. Plasma lipid content decreased in chicks fed cellulose. Hypocholesterolemic effects of cellulose and pectin were not observed though plasma cholesterol level was depressed by feeding of mannan. Therefore, it may be suggested that dietary fibers, such as cellulose, pectin and mannan, depress the liver lipid accumulation and affect on lipid metabolism in growing chicks, though mode of action of dietary fiber may be different each other.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Fibers on Liver Lipid Accumulation in Chicks

Akiba¹,

Matsumoto²

1977

Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho

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“…The data show that the three sapogenins and their acetates, like sitosterol and sitosteryl acetate, inhibit the accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides which usually results when cholesterol is added to a fiber-free, high carbohydrate diet (18,19). Diosgenin was more effective than diosgenin acetate in preventing the increase in liver lipids, but the acetates of tigogenin, hecogenin and sitosterol were more effective than the free sterols.…”

Section: Olosgenlnmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of Sapogenins on Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats

Kritchevsky

Tepper

Story

1979

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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Diosgenin (25a-spirost-5-en, 3p-01) (Fig. 1) has been shown to inhibit cholestermia in cholesterol-fed chickens and rabbits (1). This sapogenin was tested because its nuclear structure resembled that of cholesterol and because another compound that resembled cholesterol, sitosterol (Fig. 2), had been shown to inhibit cholesteremia in cholesterolfed chickens (2) and rabbits (3). Both diosgenin (4) and p-sitosterol (5) inhibit cholesterol absorption. Since dihydrocholesterol is also hypocholesteremic (6), we investigated the possibility that tigogenin (25a-spirostan-hibited cholesterol absorption in rats. We tested the acetates of all three sapogenins to ascertain whether the acetate esters were as active as the free alcohols. For purposes of comparison, we tested the hypocholesteremic properties of p-sitosterol and its acetate as well.Materials and methods. Ten groups of six male Wistar rats (avg. weight 430 g; range 380-470) were used. The basal diet (B) contained: 60% sucrose; 10% corn oil; 24% casein; 5% salt mix USP XIV; and 1% vitamin mix. One group was fed the basal diet to which OlOSGENlNTlGOGENlN HECOGENIN S I TO ST E fi0 L 3p-01) (Fig. l), a sapogenin whose nuclear structure resembles that of dihydrocholesterol, might also possess hypocholesteremic properties. We also tested hecogenin (12 keto, 25a-spirostan-3P-01) (Fig. l), a sapogenin that in nature is often a companion of tigogenin. Peterson et al. (7) reported that sitosterol decanoate is not hypocholesteremic. Mattson et al. (8), however, found that sitosteryl acetate, decanoate, oleate and succinate in-' Present address: Dept. Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, Indiana 47907.1% of cholesterol (BC) was added at the expense of sucrose. Each of the other groups was fed diet BC plus I% of a test sapogenin or its acetate, sitosterol and sitosterol acetate. These additions were also made at the expense of sucrose. Four days before termination of the experiment, each rat was given an oral dose of 0.5 pCi of [4-'4C]cholesterol in 0.2 ml of propylene glycol. The animals were killed after 4 weeks on the diet. The serum total cholesterol was assayed by the method of Pearson et al. (9), and serum triglycerides were assayed by the method of Levy and Keyloun (10). Livers were homogenized in chloroform-methanol 2: 1, and aliquots were taken for analysis of total cholesterol (9) and triglycerides (1 0). The level of cholesterol radioactivity in serum and liver was determined by liquid scintillation spectroscopy of the digitonides which were prepared by the method of Sperry and Webb (1 1).

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“…It is accepted that consumption of some fibers affects the cholesterol levels [2], Solu ble fibers such as pectin [3][4][5][6], guar gum [7][8][9][10] and oats [11][12][13] lower the serum choles terol concentration, while insoluble fibers such as cellulose [10,[14][15][16] and hemicellulose generally have no effect on the choles terol levels in humans. Serum triglycerides do not appear to be affected by the type of fiber consumed [2], As far as we know, one abstract reported the effect of fiber-rich soy bean on the serum lipoprotein levels in hu mans and found no significant change [17], The purpose of this study was to investi gate the effect of soybean crude fiber (for composition see table I) on the metabolism of serum lipids and apolipoproteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Soybean Crude Fiber on the Concentrations of Serum Lipids and Apolipoproteins in Hyperlipemic Subjects

1985

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Effect of soybean crude fiber on the concentrations of serum lipids and apolipoproteins in hyperlipemic subjects was examined. The concentrations of serum triglycerides, VLDL triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol were decreased significantly following the administration of soybean crude fiber for 2 months. Neither were significant changes found in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apo A-I, apo A-II, apo C-II and apo B levels, nor in body weight before and after the administration of soybean crude fiber.

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Effects of Gum Guar, Locust Bean Gum and Carrageenan on Liver Cholesterol of Cholesterol-Fed Rats.

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Dietary Fibers on Liver Lipid Accumulation in Chicks

Effects of Dietary Fibers on Liver Lipid Accumulation in Chicks

Influence of Sapogenins on Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats

Effect of Soybean Crude Fiber on the Concentrations of Serum Lipids and Apolipoproteins in Hyperlipemic Subjects

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